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In vivo vectorization and delivery systems for gene therapies and RNA-based therapeutics in oncology
Julie Schock Vaiani1, Mans Broekgaarden1, Jean-Luc Coll1
1Univ. Grenoble-Alpes (UGA), INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Allée des Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France. bbusser@chu-grenoble.fr.
Abstract:
Gene and RNA-based therapeutics represent a promising frontier in oncology, enabling targeted modulation of tumor-associated genes and proteins. This review explores the latest advances in payload vectorization and delivery systems developed for in vivo cancer treatments. We discuss viral and non-viral organic particles, including lipid based nanoparticles and polymeric structures, for the effective transport of plasmids, siRNA, and self-amplifying RNA therapeutics. Their physicochemical properties, strategies to overcome intracellular barriers, and innovations in cell-based carriers and engineered extracellular vesicles are highlighted. Moreover, we consider oncolytic viruses, novel viral capsid modifications, and approaches that refine tumor targeting and immunomodulation. Ongoing clinical trials and regulatory frameworks guide future directions and emphasize the need for safe, scalable production. The potential convergence of these systems with combination therapies paves the way toward personalized cancer medicine.
Insights
Gene and RNA therapies offer new ways to target cancer. This review covers advanced delivery systems like nanoparticles and viral vectors for effective in vivo cancer treatment.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Biotechnology
- Nanomedicine
Background:
- Gene and RNA-based therapeutics are revolutionizing oncology.
- Targeted modulation of tumor genes and proteins is crucial for cancer treatment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the latest advances in payload vectorization and delivery systems for in vivo cancer therapies.
- To highlight innovations in viral and non-viral delivery methods for genetic and RNA therapeutics.
Main Methods:
- Discussion of viral and non-viral organic particles (lipid nanoparticles, polymeric structures).
- Exploration of cell-based carriers and engineered extracellular vesicles.
- Review of oncolytic viruses and viral capsid modifications for enhanced targeting and immunomodulation.
Main Results:
- Physicochemical properties and intracellular barrier strategies for delivery systems are detailed.
- Innovations in targeting, immunomodulation, and overcoming biological barriers are presented.
- Current clinical trials and regulatory aspects are considered.
Conclusions:
- Advanced delivery systems are essential for effective in vivo gene and RNA cancer therapies.
- Combination therapies and personalized medicine approaches are the future direction.
- Safe and scalable production is critical for clinical translation.
