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Related Concept Videos

Polymers02:34

Polymers

The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the properties that they exhibit. Additionally,...
Polymers02:34

Polymers

The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the properties that they exhibit. Additionally,...
Structural Protein Function01:56

Structural Protein Function

Structural proteins are a category of proteins responsible for functions ranging from cell shape and movement to providing support to major structures such as bones, cartilage, hair, and muscles. This group includes proteins such as collagen, actin, myosin, and keratin.
Collagen, the most abundant protein in mammals, is found throughout the body. In connective tissue, such as skin, ligaments, and tendons, it provides tensile strength and elasticity.  In bones and teeth, it mineralizes to form...
Assembly of Cytoskeletal Filaments01:18

Assembly of Cytoskeletal Filaments

Cytoskeletal filaments are polymeric forms of smaller protein subunits. However, individual cytoskeletal filaments may easily disassemble or associate with other similar filaments to form rigid structures. Microfilaments, made of actin monomers, rely on actin-binding proteins to form bundles and create networks of individual actin filaments. Microtubules rely on microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) to form sturdy cylindrical structures. However, the proteins involved in forming complex...
Formation of Intermediate Filaments00:57

Formation of Intermediate Filaments

Intermediate filaments are cytoskeletal proteins with higher tensile strength and flexibility than microfilaments and microtubules. Unlike the other two cytoskeletal proteins, intermediate filament formation lacks the enzymatic activity to hydrolyze nucleotides like ATP and GTP to generate energy for polymerization. Therefore, the formation of intermediate filaments is multistep self-assembly. The involvement of any accessory proteins in intermediate filament formation has not yet been reported.
Polymers02:34

Polymers

The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the properties that they exhibit. Additionally,...

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Fabrication of Myogenic Engineered Tissue Constructs
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Programmed Fabrication of Vesicle-Based Prototissue Fibers with Modular Functionalities.

Tomoya Kojima1, Kouichi Asakura1, Pierangelo Gobbo2,3

  • 1Department of Applied Chemistry, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 223-8522, Japan.

Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
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Summary

Researchers developed a new method to create prototissue fibers from protocells. These functional fibers can be assembled into advanced soft materials for applications in bio-printing and tissue engineering.

Keywords:
bioinspired materialprotocellprototissuesoft fibervesicle

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Area of Science:

  • Bioengineering
  • Soft Materials
  • Synthetic Biology

Background:

  • Multicellular organisms exhibit hierarchical structures, inspiring the creation of prototissues from protocells.
  • Assembling protocells into functional prototissue fibers remains a significant challenge in bioengineering.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To devise a method for fabricating freestanding prototissue fibers with controlled dimensions.
  • To demonstrate the assembly of specialized modules within prototissue fibers for emergent functionalities.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of freestanding vesicle-based prototissue fibers with controlled lengths and diameters.
  • Incorporation of specialized modules for functionalities like magnetotaxis and chemical signal transduction.

Main Results:

  • Successful fabrication of prototissue fibers with tunable architectures.
  • Demonstration of modular functionalities including magnetotaxis and enzyme-catalyzed fluorescent output.
  • Prototissue fibers can be engineered with distributed and modular functionalities.

Conclusions:

  • This research presents the first method for creating freestanding prototissue fibers.
  • These fibers serve as novel subunits for hierarchical assembly into advanced soft functional materials.
  • Potential applications include 3D bio-printing, tissue engineering, and soft robotics.