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Related Concept Videos

Potential Due to a Polarized Object01:29

Potential Due to a Polarized Object

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A neutral atom consists of a positively charged nucleus surrounded by a negatively charged electron cloud. When placed in an external electric field, the external electric force pulls the electrons and nucleus apart, opposite to the intrinsic attraction between the nucleus and the electrons. The opposing forces balance each other with a slight shift between the center of masses of the nucleus and the electron cloud, resulting in a polarized atom. On the other hand, a few molecules, like water,...
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Theory of Thermopolarization Effect.

Yugo Onishi1, Hiroki Isobe2,3, Atsuo Shitade4

  • 1Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.

Nano Letters
|February 10, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We introduce the Q tensor to unify the description of thermopolarization and electric polarization in insulators. This framework explains how temperature gradients induce polarization, linking it to the Mott relation and other transport phenomena.

Keywords:
Mott relationSeebeck effectpolarizationthermopolarization

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed matter physics
  • Materials science
  • Solid-state physics

Background:

  • The thermopolarization effect describes how temperature gradients induce electric polarization in insulators.
  • Understanding this response is crucial for thermoelectric applications and fundamental solid-state physics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a unified theoretical framework for describing polarization responses to both electric fields and temperature gradients in insulators.
  • To introduce and define the Q tensor as a key response function.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing free energy response functions to analyze the system's behavior.
  • Developing a theoretical model based on the Q tensor.
  • Deriving the generalized Mott relation.

Main Results:

  • The Q tensor successfully unifies the description of polarization responses to electric fields and temperature gradients.
  • A generalized Mott relation is derived.
  • An analogy is drawn with anomalous Hall and Nernst effects.

Conclusions:

  • The Q tensor offers a comprehensive approach to understanding thermopolarization and related phenomena.
  • The derived relations provide insights into thermoelectric transport in insulators.
  • Observed effects are linked to the system's screening length.