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Predictors of hearing loss disability: a multinational study using the ICF core set.

Faheema Mahomed-Asmail1,2, Marien Alet Graham3, De Wet Swanepoel1,2,4

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Hearing loss (HL) experience is complex, influenced by hearing aid (HA) use, HL severity, education, age, and income. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) framework helps understand these factors for better interventions.

Keywords:
ICFSelf-experienceassociated predictorsdisabilityhearing loss

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Area of Science:

  • Audiology and Rehabilitation
  • Public Health
  • Disability Studies

Background:

  • Audiological assessments capture physiological hearing loss (HL) but not individual lived experiences.
  • The multidimensional International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) framework offers a comprehensive model for understanding disability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore how demographic and diagnostic variables predict self-reported disability in adults with HL using the ICF framework.
  • To identify factors influencing the functional limitations and lived experiences of individuals with hearing loss.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 571 participants from India, South Africa, Sweden, and the USA.
  • Structured interviews based on the ICF framework were used to collect data on self-reported disability.
  • Demographic (education, age, income) and diagnostic (hearing aid usage, degree of HL) variables were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Five significant predictors of self-reported disability were identified: hearing aid (HA) usage, degree of HL, education level, age, and income bracket.
  • These predictors were associated with specific ICF components, including body functions, activity and participation, and environmental factors.
  • 74.6% of participants had moderate-to-severe HL and used hearing aids.

Conclusions:

  • An individual's experience with hearing loss is influenced by multiple factors beyond audiological severity.
  • The ICF framework effectively captures the complex interplay of biopsychosocial factors in hearing loss.
  • Identifying key predictors can guide tailored interventions to enhance health outcomes and quality of life for individuals with HL.