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Antibiotic Selection

Antibiotic Selection

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Updated: May 28, 2025

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β-Lactamase diversity in Acinetobacter baumannii.

Andrew R Mack^1,2, Andrea M Hujer^2,3, Maria F Mojica^1,2,4

¹Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy

|February 10, 2025

Summary

Acinetobacter baumannii harbors diverse beta-lactamase genes, with common intrinsic and acquired alleles identified. Analysis of whole genome sequences reveals significant allele diversity, aiding drug development and treatment selection.

Keywords:

Acinetobacter baumannii antibiotic resistance beta-lactamases bioinformatics

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Area of Science:

Microbiology
Genomics
Infectious Diseases

Background:

Acinetobacter baumannii is a critical Gram-negative pathogen causing nosocomial and community infections.
Antibiotic resistance in A. baumannii is a major concern due to intrinsic and acquired resistance mechanisms, including various beta-lactamases.
Traditional surveillance for beta-lactamase allele diversity is challenging and costly.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore the diversity and distribution of beta-lactamase alleles in Acinetobacter baumannii using publicly available whole genome sequencing data.
To identify common intrinsic and acquired beta-lactamase alleles and assess their prevalence.
To understand temporal and geographical variations in beta-lactamase allele distribution.

Main Methods:

Analysis of whole genome sequences from 28,330 Acinetobacter baumannii isolates.
Identification and classification of intrinsic (blaADC, blaOXA-51 family) and acquired beta-lactamase alleles.
Statistical analysis to determine allele frequency, diversity, and distribution patterns.

Main Results:

The most common intrinsic alleles identified were blaADC-73, blaADC-30, blaADC-222, blaADC-33, and blaOXA-66. The most common acquired allele was blaOXA-23.
A significant proportion of blaADC alleles were unassigned, and more distinct unassigned alleles were found than assigned ones.
Temporal and geographical differences in allele distribution were observed, with a few common alleles dominating while many others were rare.

Conclusions:

Whole genome sequencing data provides a scalable approach to study beta-lactamase allele diversity in Acinetobacter baumannii.
Understanding beta-lactamase allele distribution is crucial for prioritizing research, guiding drug development, and informing clinical treatment strategies.
The high prevalence of unassigned alleles highlights the need for ongoing characterization and potential discovery of novel resistance mechanisms.