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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2025

Olfactory Neurons Obtained through Nasal Biopsy Combined with Laser-Capture Microdissection: A Potential Approach to Study Treatment Response in Mental Disorders
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Olfactory function in Wilson's disease-systematic literature review.

Jan Paweł Bembenek1,2, Tomasz Litwin3, Agnieszka Piechal3,4

  • 1Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland. jbembenek@o2.pl.

Acta Neurologica Belgica
|February 10, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Olfactory function (OF) is impaired in Wilson's disease (WD) patients, affecting their sense of smell. This systematic review highlights the need for further research into olfactory dysfunction in WD.

Keywords:
Olfactory functionSmellSystematic reviewWilson’s disease

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neuroscience
  • Ophthalmology

Background:

  • Wilson's disease (WD) involves copper accumulation, primarily affecting the brain and liver.
  • Olfactory function (OF) is increasingly studied in neurodegenerative diseases, but remains under-investigated in WD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review existing literature on olfactory function (OF) in Wilson's disease (WD).

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature search was conducted on PubMed.
  • Six studies, involving a total of 222 WD patients, were included.
  • Methodological variations prevented meta-analysis.

Main Results:

  • All included studies reported worse OF in WD patients compared to controls.
  • Three studies indicated significantly impaired OF in the neurologic WD phenotype versus the hepatic phenotype, though this was not consistently found.
  • Correlation between OF and brain lesions on MRI was inconsistent; olfactory bulb volume was assessed in only one study.
  • WD treatment did not show a significant effect on OF in four studies.

Conclusions:

  • Olfactory function is demonstrably abnormal in Wilson's disease.
  • The olfactory system in WD is insufficiently explored, necessitating larger cohort studies focusing on olfactory tract damage.