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The Retina01:32

The Retina

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The retina is a layer of nervous tissue at the back of the eye that transduces light into neural signals. This process, called phototransduction, is carried out by rod and cone photoreceptor cells in the back of the retina.
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New Method of Early RRMS Diagnosis Using OCT-Assessed Structural Retinal Data and Explainable Artificial

Miguel Ortiz1, Ana Pueyo2,3, Francisco J Dongil4

  • 1School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

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A new method using optical coherence tomography (OCT) accurately diagnoses early multiple sclerosis (MS) by analyzing retinal nerve fiber layer thickness. This approach enhances diagnostic transparency for clinicians.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Neurology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative disease affecting the central nervous system.
  • Early diagnosis of MS is crucial for effective management and treatment.
  • Optical coherence tomography (OCT) allows for non-invasive imaging of retinal structures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a method for classifying OCT-assessed retinal data for automatic diagnosis of early-stage MS.
  • To provide decision explanations for the diagnostic classification.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of macular retinal nerve fiber layer (mRNFL), ganglion cell layer (mGCL), inner plexiform layer (mIPL), and inner retinal complex (mIRL) thicknesses in 79 early-stage MS patients and 69 controls.
  • Utilized recursive feature extraction (RFE) and Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) with a support vector machine (SVM) classifier.
  • Identified 20 features from an initial 48 that maximized classifier accuracy.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a classifier accuracy of 0.9257 for diagnosing early-stage MS.
  • SHAP values highlighted average thickness as more relevant than inter-eye difference.
  • Identified mGCL and mRNFL as the most influential structures, with peripheral papillomacular bundle and supero-temporal quadrant being the most affected zones.

Conclusions:

  • The developed method significantly improves the success rate of automatic diagnosis for early-stage relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS).
  • Enhances the transparency of clinical decision-making in MS diagnosis.
  • OCT-based retinal structure assessment offers a non-invasive diagnostic approach for early MS, implementable in healthcare settings.