Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 13, 2026
Author Spotlight: Unraveling the Mechanobiology of Tendon Impingement – A Multiaxial Murine Hind Limb Explant Model
Published on: December 8, 2023
Endogenous pain modulation is not different in basketball or volleyball athletes with patellar tendinopathy compared
Patrick Vallance1, Dawson J Kidgell2, Bill Vicenzino3
1Department of Physiotherapy, Podiatry, Prosthetics and Orthotics, School of Allied Health, Human Service and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia; Monash Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Monash Exercise Neuroplasticity Research Unit, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
Background:
Patellar tendinopathy is highly prevalent in basketball and volleyball athletes. Despite pain being the main symptom reported, underlying mechanisms are unclear.
Objectives:
Our primary aim was to compare endogenous pain inhibition using a conditioned pain modulation protocol in basketball and volleyball athletes with patellar tendinopathy to asymptomatic athletic controls. Our secondary aim was to compare endogenous pain facilitation using a temporal summation protocol.
Design:
Cross-sectional case-control.
Methods:
Twenty-six athletes and 19 asymptomatic controls participated. We calculated the difference in PPT at the patellar tendon over the most painful site (pain site), the ipsilateral tibialis anterior (regional site), and the contralateral elbow lateral epicondyle (remote site), before and after immersion of the hand (ipsilateral to pain site) in painful cold-water. PPT change was used to quantify endogenous pain inhibition. Participants rated pain on a numerical rating scale (NRS; 0 = no pain to 10 = worst pain imaginable) at five, 20, 60 and 120 s during the cold-water immersion task. Change in NRS from five to 20 s quantified temporal summation.
Results:
Median symptom duration in our patellar tendinopathy group was 39 (IQR 22.5-55.5) months, and 85% experienced symptoms bilaterally. We did not observe alterations in endogenous pain inhibition at any site, or in temporal summation, in athletes with patellar tendinopathy compared to controls (p > 0.05).
Conclusion:
Our findings indicate that altered central nervous system function is not a predominate feature contributing to pain in jumping athletes with patellar tendinopathy. Accordingly, clinicians should view pain as being of a local tissue source if targeting this symptom.
