Nicotine and Cannabis Use in Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer Survivors: A Scoping Review

Adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer survivors face increased risks of long-term health complications, compounded by engagement in risky health behaviors such as smoking or vaping nicotine or cannabis products (e.g., inhaled substance use). This scoping review explores the existing literature on inhaled substance use among AYA cancer survivors to better understand the prevalence, methods, and contributing factors driving these behaviors. While combustible cigarette smoking is decreasing, vaping remains prevalent, and both are associated with inhaled cannabis co-use. Mental health challenges experienced by AYA survivors, such as depression and anxiety, may drive increased substance use as a maladaptive coping mechanism. Despite the well-documented risks of continued substance use post-cancer diagnosis, evidence for substance use interventions tailored specifically to this population is limited. Our review identifies significant knowledge gaps, including the need for targeted research on substance use patterns, effective cessation interventions, and health care provider engagement. Further research is essential to develop evidence-based interventions to reduce inhaled substance use in AYA cancer survivors, improving their long-term health outcomes.