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Related Concept Videos

Glaucoma: Overview01:25

Glaucoma: Overview

Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment01:28

Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment

Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics: Overview01:29

Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics: Overview

Pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics examine how genetic factors influence an individual's response to drugs. While pharmacogenetics focuses on the impact of specific genetic variants on drug effects, pharmacogenomics takes a broader approach, studying how genetic variation across populations contributes to differences in drug responses. These fields aim to explain why individuals may experience varying levels of efficacy or adverse reactions to the same medication.Variability in drug...
Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets01:29

Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets

Advances in genomics have profoundly influenced drug discovery by increasing both the speed and accuracy of pharmaceutical development. Pharmacogenomics, which examines how genetic variation influences drug response, facilitates the identification of novel therapeutic targets and enables patient stratification for personalized treatment. These strategies contribute to improved drug efficacy, minimized adverse effects, and more efficient clinical trial design.Mapping genetic differences...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Glaucoma-inducing Procedure in an In Vivo Rat Model and Whole-mount Retina Preparation
08:30

Glaucoma-inducing Procedure in an In Vivo Rat Model and Whole-mount Retina Preparation

Published on: March 12, 2016

Progress in Translating Glaucoma Genetics Into the Clinic: A Review.

Antonia Kolovos1,2, Giorgina Maxwell1, Emmanuelle Souzeau1

  • 1Flinders Health and Medical Research Institution, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia.

Clinical & Experimental Ophthalmology
|February 10, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Precision medicine advances personalized risk assessment in glaucoma care. Genetic testing offers valuable insights for clinicians, enhancing patient management strategies and improving outcomes.

Keywords:
glaucomamendelianmonogenicpolygenic risk scorespolygenic scores

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Last Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Glaucoma-inducing Procedure in an In Vivo Rat Model and Whole-mount Retina Preparation
08:30

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Published on: March 12, 2016

Laser Capture Microdissection of Highly Pure Trabecular Meshwork from Mouse Eyes for Gene Expression Analysis
13:47

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Published on: June 3, 2018

Full-Circle Cauterization of Limbal Vascular Plexus for Surgically Induced Glaucoma in Rodents
10:10

Full-Circle Cauterization of Limbal Vascular Plexus for Surgically Induced Glaucoma in Rodents

Published on: February 15, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Genetics
  • Precision Medicine

Background:

  • Precision medicine is transforming healthcare, enabling personalized risk assessment.
  • Glaucoma management paradigms are evolving with advancements in understanding its genetic basis.
  • Genetic factors, including monogenic and polygenic contributions, are increasingly recognized in glaucoma.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review genetic variants strongly associated with glaucoma.
  • To outline a clinical translation strategy for genetic findings in glaucoma.
  • To explore the integration of clinical and genetic data for personalized glaucoma management.

Main Methods:

  • Review of evidence for genetic variants associated with glaucoma.
  • Analysis of current understanding of glaucoma's genetic architecture.
  • Conceptual framework for integrating clinical and genetic information.

Main Results:

  • Significant genetic variants associated with glaucoma have been identified.
  • Genetic testing can provide supplementary information for clinical decision-making in glaucoma.
  • Personalized risk assessment is becoming feasible through genetic insights.

Conclusions:

  • Integrating genetic information with clinical data is crucial for personalized glaucoma management.
  • Precision medicine approaches hold significant potential to reshape glaucoma care.
  • Translating genetic discoveries into clinical practice will empower clinicians and patients.