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Cell Culture

Cell Culture

Most vertebrate cells grow in vitro attached to a substrate as a monolayer, called adherent cultures. The flasks and plates used to grow cells are chemically treated to facilitate cell attachment. However, a few cell types, such as hematopoietic cells, can grow in a suspension. In contrast to adherent cultures, suspension cultures can grow in non-treated cultureware using magnetic stirrers or spinner flasks to agitate the culture media

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2025

Experimental Models for Study of Retinal Pigment Epithelial Physiology and Pathophysiology

Experimental Models for Study of Retinal Pigment Epithelial Physiology and Pathophysiology

Published on: November 6, 2010

Less Is More: The RPE Cell Culture Medium Additive THT Mildly Impairs RPE Health.

Daniel T Hass¹, Kriti Pandey¹, Brian M Robbings^1,2

¹Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology

|February 10, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Taurine, hydrocortisone, and triiodothyronine (THT) additive impacts retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell metabolism and function. Lower THT concentrations enhance RPE cell glycolysis, barrier function, and VEGF release.

Keywords:

Fatty acid oxidation Flux Hydrocortisone Metabolism Mitochondria Retinal pigment epithelium Taurine Triiodothyronine

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Published on: February 3, 2023

Area of Science:

Cell Biology
Biochemistry
Ophthalmology

Background:

Retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells are crucial for retinal health.
The culture medium additive THT (taurine, hydrocortisone, triiodothyronine) is used to maintain RPE cells.
The specific effects of THT on RPE cell physiology and metabolism were previously undefined.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the impact of THT concentration on the metabolism and function of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived RPE cells.
To determine how varying THT levels influence key RPE cellular processes.

Main Methods:

Cultured iPSC-derived RPE cells in media with high (normal) and low concentrations of THT.
Measured extracellular flux of glucose, lactate, and palmitate.
Assessed RPE barrier function using trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER).
Quantified basal vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) release.

Main Results:

RPE cells cultured in low THT exhibited increased glycolysis and slower fatty acid oxidation compared to high THT.
Lower THT concentrations resulted in higher TEER, indicating improved RPE barrier function.
Basal VEGF release was significantly higher in RPE cells cultured with low THT.

Conclusions:

THT significantly impacts RPE cell metabolism, including glycolysis and fatty acid oxidation.
Reduced THT levels enhance RPE barrier integrity and increase basal VEGF secretion.
Further research is necessary to elucidate the specific roles of taurine, hydrocortisone, and triiodothyronine in RPE health and function.