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Early Detection of Type 1 Diabetes in First-Degree Relatives in Saudi Arabia (VISION-T1D): Protocol for a Pilot
Iman S Algadi1,2, Yazed AlRuthia3, Muhammad H Mujammami2,4
1Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Background:
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a growing global health concern, with a notable rise in incidence in Saudi Arabia. Despite the potential benefits of early detection through screening programs, such initiatives are currently lacking in Saudi Arabia and other Arab countries.
Objective:
This study aims to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and cost-effectiveness of a T1D-screening program targeting high-risk individuals, specifically children with a first-degree relative diagnosed with T1D.
Methods:
The VISION-T1D program is a prospective cohort study focused on the early detection of presymptomatic T1D by screening children aged 2-18 years. The primary screening method involves testing for islet autoantibodies, including insulin autoantibodies, glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies, insulinoma associated-2 autoantibodies, and zinc transporter-8 autoantibodies. Optional genetic testing, including human leukocyte antigen phenotyping and the genetic risk score, is offered. Outcomes include the feasibility of the screening process, prevalence of early-stage T1D, psychological impacts, educational intervention effectiveness, progression rates to stage-3 T1D, and economic viability.
Results:
The VISION-T1D program began in May 2024. As of December 2024, a total of 176 families have been enrolled. Data collection will continue until April 2025, with final data analysis projected for mid-2025.
Conclusions:
The VISION-T1D study provides a practical approach to T1D screening tailored to the health care landscape of Saudi Arabia. The insights gained from this pilot program will inform the development of a national, population-based screening initiative designed to reduce diabetic ketoacidosis at diagnosis, improve long-term outcomes, and alleviate the economic burden of T1D. The VISION-T1D initiative could also serve as a scalable and sustainable model that can be adopted internationally, contributing to global efforts to manage and prevent T1D.
Trial Registration:
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT06513247; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06513247.
International Registered Report Identifier (Irrid):
DERR1-10.2196/70575.
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