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Robust 3D-Printable, Injectable, and Adhesive Hydrogels with Stepwise-Triggered Dual Reversible/Irreversible Covalent

Fucheng Li1, Xiaoying Zhang1, Tingting Cui1

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Summary

This study developed advanced 3D-printable hydrogels using dual covalent linkages. These injectable, biocompatible hydrogels offer robust mechanical and adhesive properties for biomedical applications like wound healing and tissue engineering.

Keywords:
3D printing gluehemostatic materialshydrogelstissue adhesivewound healing

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Developing injectable and 3D-printable hydrogels with strong mechanical and adhesive properties for biomedical use is challenging.
  • Existing hydrogels often lack the required combination of injectability, strength, and adhesion for complex applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To engineer novel PVA-GMA/OSA-PBA (PGOP) hydrogels with dual reversible/irreversible covalent linkages.
  • To evaluate the mechanical, adhesive, self-healing, and biocompatible properties of the PGOP hydrogels.
  • To demonstrate the utility of PGOP hydrogels in 3D printing and in vivo biomedical applications.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesized functionalized polymers: glycidyl methacrylate-modified polyvinyl alcohol (PVA-GMA) and oxidized sodium alginate with 3-aminophenylboronic acid (OSA-PBA).
  • Engineered stepwise-triggered dual covalent linkages between PVA-GMA and OSA-PBA to form PGOP hydrogels.
  • Characterized hydrogel properties including mechanical strength, adhesion, injectability, self-healing, degradation, antibacterial activity, and biocompatibility.
  • Assessed PGOP hydrogel performance in 3D printing applications and in vivo models (liver hemorrhage, skin defect).

Main Results:

  • PGOP hydrogels exhibited excellent injectability, processability, mechanical strength (39.5 ± 2.3 kPa), elasticity (80% strain), toughness, and bioadhesion (34.2 ± 2.7 kPa).
  • The hydrogels demonstrated robust self-healing, degradability, antibacterial properties, and high cell viability (265% fibroblast survival).
  • 3D-printed PGOP constructs showed high shape fidelity and active material loading capacity.
  • In vivo studies confirmed effective hemostasis and accelerated wound healing.

Conclusions:

  • The developed PGOP hydrogels possess a unique combination of properties making them highly suitable for biomedical applications.
  • These hydrogels serve as versatile 3D-printable glues and construct materials.
  • The study presents a promising biomaterial for tissue engineering, wound healing, and hemostasis.