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Updated: May 28, 2025

Live Images of GLUT4 Protein Trafficking in Mouse Primary Hypothalamic Neurons Using Deconvolution Microscopy
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Insulin receptor tyrosine kinase substrate in health and disease (Review)

Xueyan Zhang1, Zhewen Zhang2

  • 1Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China.

Molecular Medicine Reports
|February 11, 2025
PubMed

Insulin receptor (IR) tyrosine kinase substrate (IRTKS) was first identified >20 years ago as a tyrosine‑phosphorylated IR substrate and subsequently characterized as a protein containing an inverse‑Bin‑amphiphysin‑Rvs domain. Subsequent research has shown that IRTKS functions as a scaffold protein with multiple domains, which results in diverse functions in a variety of cell activities. For example, IRTKS plays roles in regulating the formation of membrane protrusions; triggering pathogen‑driven actin assembly; modulating insulin signaling, antiviral immunity and embryonic development; and promoting tumor occurrence and progression. It is also a candidate forensic biomarker of hypothermia. Nevertheless, a systematic summary of the biological functions of IRTKS and its underlying molecular mechanism is lacking. Therefore, the present review provides a comprehensive summary of the latest advancements in IRTKS research, thereby establishing a framework for understanding the contribution of IRTKS to diverse cell processes.

Keywords:
IRTKSI‑BARcancerinsulin signalingmembrane remodeling

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