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Related Concept Videos

Knee Joint01:23

Knee Joint

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The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris...
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Muscles that Move the Leg01:23

Muscles that Move the Leg

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The movement of the legs is facilitated by numerous muscles located within the anterior, medial, and posterior compartments of the thigh.
Anterior Compartment
The quadriceps femoris, the most visible muscle of the anterior compartment, is integral for leg extension and thigh flexion. It is formed by merging four distinct muscles — the vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, and rectus femoris. The quadriceps tendon, a shared tendon of the four quadriceps muscles, is affixed...
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Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella01:16

Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella

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The femur is the body's longest and strongest bone spanning the thigh region. Its head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint. A minor indentation on the medial side of the femoral head, called the fovea capitis, serves as the site of attachment for the ligament of the head of the femur. This weak ligament spans the femur and acetabulum and supports the hip joint. The narrowed region below the head is the neck of the femur. The inclination angle between the...
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Ankle Joint01:10

Ankle Joint

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The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...
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Directional Terms01:14

Directional Terms

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Directional terms are essential for describing the relative locations of different body structures. For instance, an anatomist might describe one band of tissue as "inferior to" another, or a physician might describe a tumor as "superficial to" a deeper body structure. These terms often use comparative terms in pairs to trace out the relative locations of one body part to another or descriptions of body tissues like the deeper ones from superficially present with reference to...
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Development of the Limb Synovial Joints01:07

Development of the Limb Synovial Joints

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Joints form during embryonic development in conjunction with the formation and growth of the associated bones. The embryonic tissue that gives rise to all bones, cartilage, and connective tissues of the body is called mesenchyme.
The mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into chondrocytes that form the hyaline cartilage, and later the cartilaginous model of the bone. This model further transforms into a bone. This process is known as endochondral ossification.
During development, the limbs...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2025

Surgical Retrieval, Isolation and In vitro Expansion of Human Anterior Cruciate Ligament-derived Cells for Tissue Engineering Applications
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Anterolateral corner of knee: Current concepts.

Amit Meena1, Manish Attri2, Luca Farinelli3,4

  • 1Department of Orthopedics Shalby Hospital Jaipur India.

Journal of Experimental Orthopaedics
|February 11, 2025
PubMed
Summary

The anterolateral corner (ALC) of the knee is crucial for rotational stability. This review clarifies ALC anatomy, biomechanics, and surgical management for anterolateral knee instability.

Keywords:
anterolateral capsuleanterolateral instabilityanterolateral ligamentkneerotatory instabilityrotatory laxity

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Sports Medicine
  • Knee Anatomy

Background:

  • The anterolateral corner (ALC) is increasingly recognized for its role in knee stability.
  • Clinician knowledge of ALC anatomy and biomechanics requires improvement.
  • Rotational knee instability is often linked to ALC injuries.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current literature on anterolateral knee instability.
  • To elucidate the anatomy and biomechanical function of the ALC.
  • To discuss management strategies for ALC injuries, particularly in combined ligamentous injuries.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing publications on ALC anatomy and instability.
  • Synthesis of information on biomechanical roles of ALC structures.
  • Analysis of surgical procedures and indications for ALC reconstruction.

Main Results:

  • The ALC comprises several key structures contributing to knee stability.
  • ALC injuries significantly impact rotational knee stability.
  • There is ongoing debate regarding optimal surgical interventions for ALC injuries.

Conclusions:

  • A comprehensive understanding of ALC anatomy is essential for managing knee instability.
  • The anterolateral capsule plays a vital role in knee biomechanics.
  • Reconstructive procedures for the ALC are important in managing combined ligamentous injuries.