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Related Concept Videos

Common Ion Effect03:24

Common Ion Effect

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Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Châtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:
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After filtration, the precipitate is washed to remove coprecipitated impurities and any remaining mother liquor. Colloidal precipitates, such as silver chloride, are washed with an electrolyte (such as dilute nitric acid) to prevent the peptization of the precipitate. In the case of slightly soluble precipitates, the wash solution contains a common ion to reduce solubility. Lead sulfate, which is slightly soluble in water, is washed with dilute sulfuric acid. Similarly, wash solutions may be...
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Tuning Low-Density Liquid Water with MgCl2.

Hamad Ashraf1, Payam Kalhor1, Jin-Cheng Liu2

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Investigating aqueous solutions with MgCl2 reveals how salt concentration impacts low-density liquid (LDL) water structures. This study clarifies water's liquid-liquid critical point (LLCP) and phase transitions.

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Area of Science:

  • Physical Chemistry
  • Solution Chemistry
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Water exhibits a liquid-liquid critical point (LLCP) and complex phase behavior.
  • Understanding water's structure under varying conditions is crucial for fundamental science.
  • The influence of dissolved salts on water's unique properties remains an active research area.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the structural changes in light and heavy water with MgCl2 addition.
  • To explore the impact of salt concentration on low-density liquid (LDL) water domains.
  • To elucidate the relationship between salt concentration and water's liquid-liquid phase transition (LLPT).

Main Methods:

  • Excess infrared spectroscopy to differentiate water structures.
  • Density functional theory (DFT) calculations for structural analysis.
  • Systematic variation of MgCl2 concentrations in H2O and D2O.

Main Results:

  • Excess spectroscopy successfully identified and quantified LDL water structures.
  • MgCl2 addition initially decreases then increases LDL water populations.
  • Significant disruption of LDL structures occurred at 0.4 M H2O and 0.6 M D2O.
  • Threshold concentrations (1 M H2O, 1.3 M D2O) were found to increase LDL populations.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides insights into how MgCl2 influences water's structural domains.
  • Findings shed light on the complex liquid-liquid phase transition (LLPT) of water.
  • This research contributes to understanding the factors governing water's LLCP.