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Social Influences on Maternal Health: A Norwegian Register-Based Study
Darci N Johnson1,2, Jennifer R Harris1, Martin Flatø1
1Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
Social determinants like education and income significantly impact maternal health outcomes and delivery type. Higher education and income are linked to reduced risks of adverse maternal health and non-spontaneous delivery.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Sociology
- Reproductive Health
Background:
- Maternal health is a critical global health indicator and a key aspect of women's health.
- Improving maternal health is essential for the well-being of women, children, and families.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the influence of social factors on adverse maternal health outcomes.
- To analyze the relationship between social determinants and non-spontaneous delivery rates.
Main Methods:
- Utilized Norwegian population-based registry data (MBRN, NPR, SSB, KUHR) from 2009-2018.
- Included 596,306 pregnancies, analyzing education, income, and immigrant status.
- Examined associations with 11 adverse maternal health outcomes and non-spontaneous delivery.
Main Results:
- Adverse maternal health outcomes and non-spontaneous deliveries decreased with higher education and income.
- Graduate-level education correlated with a 36% lower risk of adverse outcomes; highest income quintile showed an 18% lower risk.
- Descendants of immigrants had higher risks; higher maternal age partially mitigated risks for low-income/education groups.
Conclusions:
- Social determinants of health create risk patterns, even in countries with equitable care access like Norway.
- Findings highlight the persistent impact of socioeconomic factors on maternal health disparities.
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