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Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

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The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
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The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
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The bond between aggregate particles and the cement matrix is significantly influenced by the shape and surface texture of the aggregates. High-strength concretes benefit from a rougher texture, which leads to stronger bonding due to greater adhesion. Angular aggregates with larger surface areas also enhance this bond. The bonding quality, however, is complex to assess as no universally accepted test exists. Good bonding is indicated when a crushed concrete specimen shows some aggregate...
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Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

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Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
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Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:04

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The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic anion, such as butyl lithium, initiates the polymerization process by attacking the π bond of the vinylic monomer. As a result, a carbanion, stabilized by the electron‐withdrawing group, is generated. The resulting carbanion acts as a Michael donor in the propagation step and attacks the second vinylic monomer, which acts as a Michael...
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Ziegler–Natta polymerization is another form of addition or chain‐growth polymerization used for synthesizing linear polymers over branched polymers. The catalyst used for polymerization is the Ziegler–Natta catalyst, named after Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta, who developed it in 1953. This catalyst is an organometallic complex of titanium tetrachloride and triethyl aluminum, with the active form of the catalyst being an alkyl titanium compound. Using the Ziegler–Natta...
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Achieving High-Strength Polymer Adhesion Through Bond Exchange at the Interphase.

Ryota Ohnishi1, Mikihiro Hayashi1

  • 1Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho Showa-ku Nagoya Aichi, 466-8555, Japan.

Macromolecular Rapid Communications
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PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a novel bond exchange method for polymer adhesion, activating it only at the interface. This technique enables strong adhesion between dissimilar polymers without inherent bond-exchange properties, offering a new adhesive approach.

Keywords:
adhesionbond exchangepolyurethanetranscarbomoylation

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry

Background:

  • Bond-exchangeable cross-linked materials, such as covalent adaptable networks and vitrimers, offer reprocessability, recyclability, and healability due to polymer network relaxation via bond exchange.
  • Vitrimer films are known for their adhesive capabilities across diverse substrates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel concept of bond exchange-based adhesion between polymers that do not inherently possess bond-exchange capabilities.
  • To demonstrate significant adhesion between thermoplastic polyurethanes and poly(acrylate)s by activating bond exchange exclusively at the interphase.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing transcarbomoylation bond exchange at the contact interphase between commercial thermoplastic polyurethanes and cross-linked poly(acrylate)s.
  • Incorporating a small amount of bond exchange catalyst to enhance adhesion.
  • Manipulating adhesion strength and fracture behavior through controlled heating conditions.

Main Results:

  • Achieved significant adhesion between thermoplastic polyurethanes and poly(acrylate)s via interphasial transcarbomoylation.
  • Demonstrated that catalyst presence is crucial for effective adhesion.
  • Showcased the ability to tune adhesion and fracture properties via thermal treatment.

Conclusions:

  • A new functionalization approach for polymer adhesion based on targeted bond exchange at the interphase has been developed.
  • This method enables strong adhesion between dissimilar polymers, creating a practical alternative to traditional adhesives.
  • The study highlights the potential of controlling adhesion properties through catalyst and thermal management.