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Do Disinfectants Induce Ototoxicity and Cause Structural Damage to the Inner Ear?
Xi Wang1,2,3, Zhongcheng Xing4, Wen Jiang1,2,3
1Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China.
The Laryngoscope
|February 11, 2025
Summary
Common disinfectants like alcohol and chlorhexidine can harm hearing and inner ear structures. Careful selection is crucial for ear surgeries to prevent auditory damage.
Area of Science:
- Ototoxicity research
- Inner ear physiology
- Disinfectant safety
Background:
- Commonly used disinfectants pose potential risks to hearing.
- The structural integrity of the inner ear can be compromised by disinfectants.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the ototoxic effects of iodophor, alcohol, and chlorhexidine.
- To assess the impact of these disinfectants on auditory function and cochlear morphology in a mouse model.
Main Methods:
- Sixty-four mice were divided into four groups: saline, iodophor, alcohol, and chlorhexidine.
- Auditory brainstem response (ABR) testing and cochlear tissue analysis using immunofluorescence and scanning electron microscopy were performed.
Main Results:
- Alcohol and chlorhexidine significantly elevated ABR thresholds and caused hair cell and spiral ganglion damage.
- Chlorhexidine induced severe, lasting damage, while alcohol showed milder effects with partial recovery.
- Iodophor primarily affected outer hair cells with partial recovery.
Conclusions:
- Iodophor, alcohol, and chlorhexidine can negatively impact hearing.
- Alcohol and chlorhexidine cause more severe and persistent ototoxicity.
- Findings guide the selection of safer disinfectants for otologic procedures.
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