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Related Concept Videos

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:26

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

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Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the common plasma source used in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), a technique that detects and analyzes various elements in a sample. This method is often called inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
There are three main types of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy  (ICP-AES) instruments: sequential, simultaneous multichannel, and Fourier transform instruments, with the latter being less commonly used....
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Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

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The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
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Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab01:29

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab

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AES is a powerful analytical technique, especially effective when used with plasma sources, producing abundant spectra in characteristic emission lines. The Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), in particular, yields superior quantitative analytical data due to its high stability, low noise, low background, and minimal interferences under optimal experimental conditions. However, newer air-operated microwave sources are emerging as promising alternatives that could be more cost-effective than...
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Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview01:20

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Atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) is an analytical technique used to determine the elemental composition of a sample by analyzing the light emitted from excited atoms. In AES, atoms in a sample are excited to higher energy levels by thermal energy from high-temperature sources, such as plasma, arcs, or sparks. When these excited atoms return to lower energy states, they emit light at specific wavelengths characteristic of each element. The resulting atomic emission spectrum, which consists of...
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Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Principle01:19

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Principle

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Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the most widely used plasma source in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), also known as Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The ICP source, or torch, consists of three concentric quartz tubes with argon gas flowing through them. A spark from a Tesla coil initiates the ionization of argon, generating a high-temperature plasma.
The ions and electrons produced interact with the fluctuating magnetic field created by a water-cooled...
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Non-equilibrium Microwave Plasma for Efficient High Temperature Chemistry
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Accelerating plasma and radiation surface science using transient grating spectroscopy.

A P C Wylie1, K B Woller1, M Rae1

  • 1Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Investigating tungsten interactions with plasma and radiation revealed changes in surface acoustic wave speed but not thermal diffusivity from plasma alone. Ion irradiation reduced both properties, highlighting coupled effects in fusion materials.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Plasma Physics
  • Nuclear Engineering

Background:

  • Fusion energy systems require materials that withstand extreme conditions.
  • Understanding radiation-materials and plasma-materials interactions is crucial for fusion reactor longevity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate a facility for in situ investigation of radiation-materials and plasma-materials interactions.
  • To probe the effects of helium plasma exposure and self-ion irradiation on tungsten properties.

Main Methods:

  • Transient grating spectroscopy was employed to measure thermal diffusivity and surface acoustic wave speed.
  • Tungsten samples were exposed to helium plasma and 10.26 MeV self-ion irradiation.

Main Results:

  • Helium plasma exposure at 645°C induced significant changes in surface acoustic wave speed, but not thermal diffusivity.
  • Self-ion irradiation (7.92 dpa) reduced both thermal diffusivity and surface acoustic wave speed in tungsten.
  • Observed changes in surface acoustic wave speed were 2542 m/s to 2565 m/s then 2499 m/s after plasma exposure, and 2647.8 m/s to 2640.0 m/s after ion irradiation.

Conclusions:

  • The developed facility effectively probes coupled plasma and radiation effects on materials.
  • Results provide critical data for designing robust materials for future fusion energy systems.