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Mechanical forces pattern endocardial Notch activation via mTORC2-PKC pathway.

Yunfei Mu1,2,3,4, Shijia Hu1,2,3,4, Xiangyang Liu2,3,4

  • 1Fudan University, Shanghai, China.

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Summary

Mechanical forces, not just ligands, activate Notch signaling in heart development. This process is crucial for endocardial patterning and understanding congenital heart diseases.

Keywords:
EMTcardiac patterningdevelopmental biologyendocardiummechanosensingmousenotchshear stress

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Cell Signaling

Background:

  • Notch signaling regulates endocardial patterning via endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in the embryonic heart.
  • The exact mechanisms driving Notch pathway activation in the endocardium are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the precise mechanism of Notch activation in the endocardium during heart development.
  • To investigate the role of mechanical forces and ligand-dependent pathways in Notch signaling.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized transient heartbeat blockade in E9.5 mouse embryos.
  • Analyzed Notch activation, Dll4 expression, and shear stress effects on endocardial cells.
  • Investigated downstream signaling pathways including mTORC2 and PKC.

Main Results:

  • Notch activation in arterial endothelium depends on Dll4 ligand.
  • Reduced Dll4 in endocardium creates a ligand-depleted field, allowing shear stress to activate Notch in AVC and OFT.
  • Increased shear stress alters cell membrane lipid microdomains, activating mTORC2 and PKC, promoting Notch1 cleavage independently of strong ligand stimulation.

Conclusions:

  • Mechanical forces, specifically shear stress, act as a primary cue for endocardial patterning.
  • Findings provide insights into congenital heart diseases originating from endocardial defects.
  • Highlights a novel mechanism of Notch activation mediated by mechanical cues in cardiovascular development.