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Neuroplasticity

Neuroplasticity

Neuroplasticity reflects the brain's remarkable capacity to adapt and evolve, responding dynamically to learning, experiences, or injury by reorganizing its neural circuitry. This reorganization involves creating new neural connections and refining old ones through a series of biological processes that contribute to the brain's lifelong development and adaptability.

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre- and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.

Integration of Synaptic Events

Integration of Synaptic Events

Synaptic integration mainly includes the summation of graded potentials. Graded potentials, regardless of their type, cause subtle alterations in membrane voltage, resulting in either depolarization or hyperpolarization. These incremental changes, when combined or summed, can propel the neuron toward its threshold. Consider, for example, a membrane experiencing a +15 mV shift, causing it to depolarize from -70 mV to -55 mV. In this scenario, graded potentials govern the membrane's ability...

Long-term Depression

Long-term Depression

Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Calcium Ion Concentration Mechanism
If over...

Postsynaptic Potential (PSP)

Postsynaptic Potential (PSP)

Postsynaptic potential (PSP) refers to a change in the electrical potential of a neuron when neurotransmitters released by presynaptic neurons bind to postsynaptic receptors. This potential can either be excitatory, leading to depolarization and ultimately action potential generation, or inhibitory, leading to hyperpolarization and suppression of the postsynaptic neuron.
There are two types of receptors: ionotropic and metabotropic.
The ionotropic receptor is the membrane protein that has an...

The Role of Ion Channels in Neuronal Computation

The Role of Ion Channels in Neuronal Computation

A postsynaptic neuron usually receives numerous impulses from several other presynaptic neurons. The axon hillock of the postsynaptic neuron integrates all these signals and determines the likelihood of firing an action potential.
Sometimes a single EPSP is strong enough to induce an action potential in the postsynaptic neuron. However, multiple presynaptic inputs must often create EPSPs around the same time for the postsynaptic neuron to be sufficiently depolarized to fire an action potential....

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2025

3D Modeling of Dendritic Spines with Synaptic Plasticity

3D Modeling of Dendritic Spines with Synaptic Plasticity

Published on: May 18, 2020

Exploring the role of synaptic plasticity in the frequency-dependent complexity domain.

Monserrat Pallares Di Nunzio¹, Juan Martín Tenti², Marcelo Arlego^1,3

¹Instituto de Física de La Plata (IFLP), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET CCT-La Plata, La Plata 1900, Argentina.

Chaos (Woodbury, N.Y.)

|February 11, 2025

Summary

This study reveals hidden patterns in neuronal plasticity using information theory and computational models. Understanding these dynamics aids in diagnosing and treating cognitive disorders like Alzheimer's disease.

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Inducing Long-Term Plasticity of Intrinsic Neuronal Excitability in Neurons of the Dorsal Lateral Geniculate Nucleus

Inducing Long-Term Plasticity of Intrinsic Neuronal Excitability in Neurons of the Dorsal Lateral Geniculate Nucleus

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Last Updated: May 28, 2025

3D Modeling of Dendritic Spines with Synaptic Plasticity

3D Modeling of Dendritic Spines with Synaptic Plasticity

Published on: May 18, 2020

Evaluation of Synaptic Multiplicity Using Whole-cell Patch-clamp Electrophysiology

Evaluation of Synaptic Multiplicity Using Whole-cell Patch-clamp Electrophysiology

Published on: April 23, 2019

Inducing Long-Term Plasticity of Intrinsic Neuronal Excitability in Neurons of the Dorsal Lateral Geniculate Nucleus

Inducing Long-Term Plasticity of Intrinsic Neuronal Excitability in Neurons of the Dorsal Lateral Geniculate Nucleus

Published on: September 20, 2024

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Computational Biology
Information Theory

Background:

Neocortical memory relies on neuronal plasticity, crucial for learning and long-term memory.
Understanding plasticity mechanisms is vital for diagnosing and treating cognitive disorders (e.g., Parkinson's, epilepsy, Alzheimer's).

Purpose of the Study:

To explore neuronal dynamics underlying plasticity using an expanded neuronal model.
To uncover hidden patterns in neuronal activity and their relation to cognitive function.

Main Methods:

Utilized information-theoretic measures: Bandt-Pompe's entropy-complexity (H×C) and Fisher entropy-information (H×F) planes.
Applied the Hénon map to model nonlinear neural behaviors and firing patterns.
Integrated local field potential (LFP) and intracranial electroencephalogram (iEEG) data across multiple frequency bands.

Main Results:

Revealed hidden patterns in neuronal activity indicative of plasticity dynamics.
Demonstrated the trade-off between stability and unpredictability in neural networks.
Connected computational models with experimental data, including higher-order interactions like action potential triplets.

Conclusions:

The study advances the understanding of synaptic adjustments and their role in neuronal complexity.
Provides novel insights into the computational mechanisms of memory and cognitive disorders.