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Related Concept Videos

Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

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Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
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Electrolyte and Nonelectrolyte Solutions02:21

Electrolyte and Nonelectrolyte Solutions

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Substances that undergo either a physical or a chemical change in solution to yield ions that can conduct electricity are called electrolytes. If a substance yields ions in solution, that is, if the compound undergoes 100% dissociation, then the substance is a strong electrolyte. Complete dissociation is indicated by a single forward arrow. For example, water-soluble ionic compounds like sodium chloride dissociate into sodium cations and chloride anions in aqueous solution.
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Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer02:48

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

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Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
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Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
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Ionic Bonds00:42

Ionic Bonds

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Overview
When atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration they form ions. Ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between ions with opposite charges. Ionic compounds are rigid and brittle when solid and may dissociate into their constituent ions in water. Covalent compounds, by contrast, remain intact unless a chemical reaction breaks them.
Opposing Charges Hold Ions Together in Ionic Compounds
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Network Covalent Solids02:18

Network Covalent Solids

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Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
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Ductile Inorganic Solid Electrolytes for All-Solid-State Lithium Batteries.

Tao Yu1,2, Yuankai Liu1,2, Haoyu Li1,2

  • 1College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Advanced Microstructures, Center for Energy Storage Materials and Technologies, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China.

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Ductile solid electrolytes are key for advanced all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs). This review explores five types, highlighting their potential to overcome challenges and enable practical, high-performance ASSBs.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Solid-State Chemistry

Background:

  • Solid electrolytes are crucial components of all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs), influencing ion transport and electrode compatibility.
  • Ductile solid electrolytes offer superior ion transport under pressure compared to rigid oxides, showing industrial potential.
  • A single ductile solid electrolyte serving as catholyte, bulk electrolyte, and anolyte remains a challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and discuss five types of inorganic solid electrolytes for ASSBs: sulfides, halides, nitrides, antiperovskite-type, and complex hydrides.
  • To analyze the advantages and challenges associated with each electrolyte type.
  • To evaluate the suitability of different solid electrolytes for catholyte, bulk electrolyte, and anolyte functions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on solid electrolytes for ASSBs.
  • Systematic discussion of the impact of pressure on ASSB performance.
  • Analysis of functional characteristics and physicochemical properties of various solid electrolyte classes.

Main Results:

  • Five classes of solid electrolytes (sulfides, halides, nitrides, antiperovskites, complex hydrides) are evaluated for ASSB applications.
  • Ductile solid electrolytes demonstrate promising ion transport properties, especially under cold pressing.
  • Combining different solid electrolyte types can leverage individual strengths for improved ASSB performance.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the properties of diverse solid electrolytes is essential for designing effective ASSBs.
  • Tailoring electrolytes for specific functions (catholyte, bulk, anolyte) is key to optimizing battery performance.
  • This review provides insights for developing practical, high-performance ASSBs by judiciously selecting and combining solid electrolytes.