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Interlayer Confined Capacitive Response via Solvated Cointercalation in Graphite Layers
Xiaojuan Huang1, Yi-Fan Cheng2, Huan Liu3
1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Fujian Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Engineering for High Performance Materials, Xiamen Key Laboratory of High Performance Metals and Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
ACS Nano
|February 11, 2025
Summary
Confined nanofluids in 2D materials boost ionic flux for high-capacity energy storage. This study reveals interlayer-confined electric double-layer (EDL) behavior in graphite using Na+-diglyme cointercalation, enabling ultrahigh-rate capacitor performance.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Electrochemistry
- Nanotechnology
Background:
- Nanofluids confined in 2D materials enhance ionic flux, crucial for advanced energy storage.
- Electric double-layer (EDL) capacitive behavior is key for ultrahigh-rate capacitor applications.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide quantitative and microscopic insights into interlayer-confined EDL capacitive behavior.
- To investigate the cointercalation of sodium ions (Na+) and diglyme (G2) into graphite layers.
- To understand the relationship between ion cointercalation, graphite structure evolution, and electrochemical performance.
Main Methods:
- In situ nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.
- Electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM).
- Embedded optical fiber sensors.
Main Results:
- Demonstrated a nonconstant Na+:G2 ratio during cointercalation, correlating with graphite stage evolution (from >3 to 1).
- Observed a transition from battery-like intercalation to interlayer-confined EDL adsorption.
- Identified stage 1 graphite intercalation compounds (GICs) with expanded spacing (1.168 nm) facilitating mobile Na+ ions and G2 solvents for high-rate, stable performance.
Conclusions:
- The study elucidates the microstructure and preconditions for confined solvated ions in layered materials exhibiting capacitor-like behavior.
- Findings are critical for designing next-generation high-performance energy storage devices.
- Understanding ion dynamics within confined spaces is essential for optimizing electrochemical responses.
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