Recent advances in chemodynamic nanotherapeutics to overcome multidrug resistance in cancers
Wenjia Xu1, Min Wang1, Xinyu Liu1
1School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China.
Abstract:
Multidrug resistance (MDR) has become a major challenge in cancer therapy, it results in the failure of chemotherapy and anticancer drug development. Chemodynamic therapy (CDT), an emerging cancer treatment strategy, has been reported as a novel approach for cancer treatment characterized by low toxicity and minimal side effects. By generating robust cytotoxic hydroxyl radicals (·OH) via Fenton/Fenton-like reaction, CDT may cause cellular damage and oxidative stress-induced cell death. In recent years, many therapies based on CDT and/or combined with other treatment modalities are reported and exhibit exciting treatment efficacy in cancer treatment, such as photothermal therapy, photodynamic therapy, sonodynamic therapy, chemotherapy, starvation therapy and gas therapy etc. These combination therapies exhibit synergistic effects, significantly improving anticancer outcomes compared to CDT alone. Herein, we provide a comprehensive overview of CDT-based strategies in cancer treatment, highlighting developments of CDT and CDT-based combination strategies in tumor therapy, especially in overcoming MDR challenges. Finally, the opportunities and challenges of CDT and CDT-combination therapy in the clinical application are also addressed.
Insights
Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) offers a low-toxicity cancer treatment by generating cell-killing hydroxyl radicals. Combining CDT with other therapies shows promise in overcoming multidrug resistance (MDR) and improving cancer treatment outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Biomedical Engineering
- Nanomedicine
Background:
- Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a significant obstacle in cancer therapy, leading to treatment failure.
- Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) is an emerging strategy that utilizes Fenton/Fenton-like reactions to generate cytotoxic hydroxyl radicals (·OH) for cancer treatment.
- CDT is characterized by low toxicity and minimal side effects.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a comprehensive overview of chemodynamic therapy (CDT) in cancer treatment.
- To highlight the developments of CDT and its combination strategies, particularly for overcoming multidrug resistance (MDR).
- To address the opportunities and challenges of CDT-based therapies in clinical applications.
Main Methods:
- Review of recent literature on CDT and its combination with other therapeutic modalities.
- Analysis of synergistic effects of combined therapies in improving anticancer outcomes.
- Discussion of the mechanisms of hydroxyl radical generation and cellular damage in CDT.
Main Results:
- CDT-based combination therapies, including those with photothermal, photodynamic, sonodynamic, chemotherapy, starvation, and gas therapies, exhibit synergistic effects.
- These combination strategies significantly improve anticancer outcomes compared to CDT alone.
- CDT-based approaches show potential in overcoming multidrug resistance (MDR) challenges in cancer treatment.
Conclusions:
- CDT-based combination therapies represent a promising strategy for enhancing cancer treatment efficacy.
- Further research and development are needed to address the clinical application challenges of CDT and its combinations.
- Overcoming multidrug resistance (MDR) is a key area where CDT-based strategies show significant potential.
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