Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 28, 2025
10:27
A Uniaxial Compression Experiment with CO2-Bearing Coal Using a Visualized and Constant-Volume Gas-Solid Coupling Test System
Published on: June 12, 2019
8.6K
π-π Stacking in Kerogen and Its Mechanical Impact.
Yujun Xie1,2, Ruopeng Zhang3,4, Yule Xie1
1Global Institute of Future Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|February 11, 2025
Summary
Understanding kerogen
Area of Science:
- Geochemistry and Materials Science
Background:
- Kerogen is crucial for hydrocarbon production via hydraulic fracturing.
- The relationship between kerogen's molecular structure and its mechanical properties is not fully understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the correlation between kerogen's molecular structure and mechanical properties.
- To reveal heterogeneities in kerogen using advanced microscopy techniques.
Main Methods:
- Utilized four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy (4D-STEM).
- Performed in situ 4D-STEM tensile testing to analyze strain distribution and deformation mechanisms.
Main Results:
- Observed variations in π-π stacking domain morphologies with kerogen maturity.
- Demonstrated that π-π stacking domains enhance brittleness, while amorphous regions increase ductility.
- Visualized strain distribution across structural heterogeneities during tensile testing.
Conclusions:
- Established a link between local structural order and mechanical properties in kerogen.
- Proposed that this approach can improve geological models for hydraulic fracturing optimization.
More Related Videos
07:58Improving the Combustion Performance of a Hybrid Rocket Engine using a Novel Fuel Grain with a Nested Helical Structure
Published on: January 18, 2021
5.7K
12:18Pore-scale Imaging and Characterization of Hydrocarbon Reservoir Rock Wettability at Subsurface Conditions Using X-ray Microtomography
Published on: October 21, 2018
13.8K
Related Concept Videos
01:24π Molecular Orbitals of 1,3-Butadiene
8.5K
Conjugated dienes have lower heats of hydrogenation than cumulated and isolated dienes, making them more stable. The enhanced stabilization of conjugated systems can be understood from their π molecular orbitals.
The simplest conjugated diene is 1,3-butadiene: a four-carbon system where each carbon is sp2-hybridized and has an unhybridized p orbital that contains an unpaired electron. According to molecular orbital theory, atomic orbitals combine to form molecular orbitals such that the number...
The simplest conjugated diene is 1,3-butadiene: a four-carbon system where each carbon is sp2-hybridized and has an unhybridized p orbital that contains an unpaired electron. According to molecular orbital theory, atomic orbitals combine to form molecular orbitals such that the number...
8.5K
01:27¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling
1.7K
The coupling interactions of nuclei across four or more bonds are usually weak, with J values less than 1 Hz. While these are usually not observed in spectra, the presence of multiple bonds along the coupling pathway can result in observable long-range coupling.
In alkenes, spin information is communicated via σ–π overlap, as seen in allylic (four-bond) and homoallylic (five-bond) couplings. These coupling interactions are stronger when the σ bond is parallel to the alkene...
In alkenes, spin information is communicated via σ–π overlap, as seen in allylic (four-bond) and homoallylic (five-bond) couplings. These coupling interactions are stronger when the σ bond is parallel to the alkene...
1.7K
01:27π Electron Effects on Chemical Shift: Overview
1.0K
An applied magnetic field causes loosely bound π-electrons in organic molecules to circulate, producing a local or induced diamagnetic field over a large spatial volume. As the molecules tumble in solution, the field generated by π-electrons in spherical substituents results in a zero net field. However, the net field generated by π-electrons in non-spherical substituents is not zero. The effect of this induced field depends on the orientation of the molecule with respect to B0,...
1.0K
01:16Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)
2.5K
Ring-opening metathesis polymerization or ROMP involves strained cycloalkenes as starting materials. The mechanism of ROMP proceeds by reacting cycloalkene with Grubbs catalyst to give metallacyclobutane intermediate which undergoes a ring-opening reaction to form new carbene. The new carbene reacts with another molecule of cycloalkene. Repetition of these steps leads to the formation of an unsaturated open-chain polymer product. All these steps are reversible, however, relieving the ring...
2.5K
02:14Combustion Energy: A Measure of Stability in Alkanes and Cycloalkanes
6.2K
The low reactivity in alkanes can be attributed to the non-polar nature of C–C and C–H σ bonds. Alkanes, therefore, were initially termed as “paraffins,” derived from the Latin words: parum, meaning “too little,” and affinis, meaning “affinity.”
Alkanes undergo combustion in the presence of excess oxygen and high-temperature conditions to give carbon dioxide and water. A combustion reaction is the energy source in natural gas, liquified...
Alkanes undergo combustion in the presence of excess oxygen and high-temperature conditions to give carbon dioxide and water. A combustion reaction is the energy source in natural gas, liquified...
6.2K
01:29Mass Spectrometry: Branched Alkane Fragmentation
893
This lesson delves into the mass spectrometry of branched alkane fragmentation. Branched alkanes possess secondary or tertiary carbon atoms, which generate relatively stable carbocations if the cleavage occurs at the branching point. The high stability of carbocations drives the instant fragmentation of branched alkanes. Accordingly, the branched alkane's molecular ion peak is very weak or invisible in the mass spectra, especially in comparison to a linear alkane.
893