A review of sarcopenia pathogenesis and therapeutic approaches: resistance exercise, nutrition, and monoterpenes

Sarcopenia, characterized by the age-related loss of muscle mass and function, is a multifactorial condition influenced by oxidative stress, hormonal changes, and chronic inflammation. This study investigated the effects of resistance exercise and nutritional interventions, including antioxidants, such as monoterpenes, on sarcopenia prevention and treatment.

To identify relevant studies, a comprehensive literature search was conducted using electronic databases including PubMed and Google Scholar. Keywords such as "sarcopenia," "resistance exercise," "antioxidants," "nutrition," "muscle regeneration," and related terms were utilized to gather evidence on the prevention and management of sarcopenia.

This review focuses on the etiological factors of sarcopenia, particularly the decline in muscle function and acceleration of muscle protein degradation. This highlights the critical importance of the combined effects of exercise and nutrition in overcoming these challenges, with special emphasis on the potential of antioxidant intake as a promising solution for managing this condition.

An integrated approach combining periodic resistance exercise with antioxidant-rich nutritional strategies is essential for the management of sarcopenia. By promoting muscle development and inhibiting protein breakdown, this dual strategy provides an effective framework for preventing and treating sarcopenia, and improving quality of life of the aging population. Further studies are warranted to explore the clinical potential of monoterpenes in the treatment of sarcopenia.