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Clinical Manifestation of Arboviruses in Paediatrics

Mu Pang1, Xi-Zhe Sun2, Ting He1

  • 1The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Shenzhen Traditional Chineses Medicine Hospital), Shenzhen, China.

Reviews in Medical Virology
|February 11, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Pediatric arboviral infections pose unique challenges due to children's distinct immune responses. This review details virological and immunological factors, stressing the need for age-specific strategies against viruses like dengue and Zika.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric infectious diseases
  • Virology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Arboviruses like dengue (DENV) and Zika (ZIKV) present unique challenges in children due to developmental and immunological differences.
  • Children's immune systems, with underdeveloped adaptive immunity and heightened innate responses, can lead to severe outcomes.
  • Factors such as maternal antibodies, antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE), and immature biological barriers contribute to disease severity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the virological and immunological aspects of arboviral infections in pediatric populations.
  • To highlight the specific pathophysiological mechanisms in children.
  • To emphasize the need for tailored diagnostic, therapeutic, and preventive strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of arboviral infections in pediatric populations.
  • Analysis of virological and immunological factors influencing disease presentation.
  • Synthesis of current understanding of arboviral pathophysiology in children.

Main Results:

  • Arboviruses exhibit specific organ tropisms (CNS, liver, vasculature) in children.
  • Immune responses in children can exacerbate inflammation, increasing susceptibility to severe conditions like dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and congenital Zika syndrome (CZS).
  • Immature host defenses and specific viral-pathogen interactions contribute to severe arboviral disease.

Conclusions:

  • Arboviral infections in children require specialized approaches due to unique pathophysiological mechanisms.
  • Age-specific diagnostics, therapeutics, and prevention are crucial for mitigating the impact of these infections.
  • Further research into pediatric arboviral immunology and pathogenesis is warranted.

Keywords:
arbovirusesdengue virusimmune response in childrenneuroinvasive arboviral diseasespaediatric pathophysiologyzika virus

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