Chlorine-mediated methane activation: an efficient photocatalytic pathway to valuable chemicals

Methane (CH₄), a major component of natural gas, is both a valuable energy source and a potent greenhouse gas. Due to the remote locations of many CH₄ reserves and the challenges of transportation, converting methane into liquid compounds under mild, sustainable conditions is highly desirable. Photocatalysis, a solar-driven technology, offers a promising approach for methane activation at ambient temperatures, avoiding issues like catalyst deactivation and product overoxidation associated with conventional high-temperature methods. Recent research highlights the potential of photogenerated chlorine radicals for methane conversion, providing a milder oxidative pathway that enhances selectivity for oxygenated products and minimizes overoxidation to CO₂. This work reviews advancements in methane activation using chlorine-based photocatalysis, discussing its advantages and areas for further optimization to facilitate methane valorisation into valuable chemicals.