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Surface changes in intrauterine contraceptive devices after variable use.

L Keith, R Bailey, G S Berger

    American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
    |May 1, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Scanning electron microscopy revealed diverse surface deposits on used intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUDs). A novel finding was an apatite crystal rosette on a Lippes Loop after 15 years of use.

    Area of Science:

    • Materials Science
    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Obstetrics and Gynecology

    Background:

    • Intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUDs) are widely used for long-term birth control.
    • Understanding the long-term material changes and surface characteristics of IUDs is crucial for assessing their safety and efficacy.
    • Previous studies have not comprehensively detailed the surface deposits formed on IUDs during in vivo use.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the surface morphology and composition of used intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUDs) using scanning electron microscopy.
    • To compare the surface characteristics of retrieved IUDs with new control devices.
    • To identify and characterize any novel surface deposits or alterations on IUDs after prolonged in situ placement.

    Main Methods:

    Keywords:
    ContraceptionContraceptive MethodsEconomic FactorsFamily PlanningIudIud, Copper ReleasingIud, UnmedicatedResearch And DevelopmentTechnology

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  • Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to examine the surfaces of four used IUDs and two new control devices.
  • Surface deposits were analyzed for variations in morphology and distribution across different sites on each device and between devices.
  • Mineralogical analysis was performed to identify crystalline structures observed on the IUD surfaces.

    • Main Results:

    • All examined used IUDs exhibited significant surface deposits, which varied in composition and location on each device.
    • Surface deposit characteristics differed not only between individual used devices but also from the new control devices.
    • A previously undescribed finding was the presence of a euhedral crystal rosette, identified as an apatite mineral group, on a Lippes Loop that had been in situ for 15 years.

    Conclusions:

    • Used IUDs accumulate diverse and variable surface deposits during their time in situ.
    • The identification of an apatite crystal rosette on a long-term IUD represents a novel observation in the literature.
    • Further research is warranted to understand the biological and clinical implications of these surface deposits on IUD performance and patient health.