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The Clery Act's transparency purpose & campus sexual misconduct: A longitudinal analysis
Hannah Rochford1, Corinne Peek-Asa2, Whitney Zahnd3
1Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.
Journal of American College Health : J of ACH
|February 12, 2025
Summary
Clery Act data significantly undercount campus sexual misconduct incidents compared to internal Title IX data. This makes Clery Act statistics inappropriate for evaluating the true scope of sexual misconduct on campuses.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Higher Education Policy
- Criminology
Background:
- Campus sexual misconduct has severe physical, mental, reproductive, and financial consequences.
- Accurate data are crucial for effective prevention strategies at all governance levels.
- The Clery Act mandates reporting of campus crime statistics, but its suitability for sexual misconduct is questioned.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the appropriateness of Clery Act Campus Crime Statistics for assessing campus sexual misconduct.
- To compare publicly reported Clery Act data with internal Title IX office data on sexual misconduct.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of data from 40 American Association of Universities (AAU) institutions between 2014 and 2020.
- Calculation of annual discrepancies between Clery Act reported rates and Title IX office reported rates of sexual misconduct.
- Comparison of data accuracy between institutions that did and did not publicly release Title IX data.
Main Results:
- Clery Act data represent a substantial undercount of sexual misconduct incidents when compared to Title IX office data.
- The extent of undercounting was consistent regardless of whether institutions publicly disclosed their Title IX data.
- Significant data gaps exist in publicly available Clery Act statistics regarding sexual misconduct.
Conclusions:
- Clery Act data are unsuitable for accurately evaluating the prevalence of campus sexual misconduct.
- Policy changes are needed to standardize and mandate the public release of Title IX office data.
- Improved data transparency is essential for understanding and addressing campus sexual misconduct.
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