Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 28, 2025
A Semi-Automated and Reproducible Biological-Based Method to Quantify Calcium Deposition In Vitro
Published on: June 2, 2022
Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol predicts coronary artery calcification events in patients with type 2 diabetes: a
Zhi Zou1, Yongbing Sun1, Lijun Zou2
1Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, #7 Wei Wu Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, China.
Background:
Coronary Artery Calcification (CAC) is a major risk factor for various cardiovascular diseases. Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C) is a significant factor in atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases and is usually elevated in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). However, the association between LDL-C levels and incident CAC in asymptomatic T2DM patients remains unclear.
Methods:
This study is a single-center retrospective cohort study conducted from January 2018 to December 2023, including 2,631 asymptomatic T2DM patients who underwent regular health screenings. All participants were confirmed to be free of CAC at baseline by computed tomography (CT). Based on baseline LDL-C levels, participants were divided into three groups (T1: 0.66-2.43 mmol/L; T2: 2.44-3.18 mmol/L; T3: 3.19-7.21 mmol/L). The follow-up endpoint was the occurrence of incident CAC, with a total follow-up period of 72 months. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used for analysis, followed by log-rank tests. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models were employed to investigate the relationship between LDL-C and incident CAC, and subgroup analysis was performed to test the robustness of the LDL-C and CAC relationship.
Results:
During a median follow-up period of 29.9 months, 885 (33.64%) participants developed incident CAC occurred. The cumulative incidence of incident CAC increased progressively with higher LDL-C levels (log-rank test, P < 0.001). After adjusting for confounding factors, multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression results showed a significant association between LDL-C and incident CAC (hazard ratio [HR], 1.77; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.64-1.92). When LDL-C was treated as a categorical variable, elevated levels in T2 (adjusted HR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.36-1.93; P < 0.001) and T3 (adjusted HR, 3.38; 95% CI, 2.84-4.03; P < 0.001) were significantly associated with the risk of incident CAC. Additionally, subgroup analysis demonstrated a consistent association between LDL-C and incident CAC.
Conclusion:
High LDL-C levels are associated with incident CAC in asymptomatic T2DM patients, suggesting that LDL-C may be useful for risk stratification in this population.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
01:22Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational
01:15Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications
01:36Carbohydrate Metabolism
Starch accounts for approximately 60% of the carbohydrates consumed by humans. Since amylase enzymes cannot function in the stomach's acidic environment, starch can only be digested in the mouth and small intestine. Simple sugars are found naturally in milk and fruits in...
01:25Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System III: Serum Lipid Profile
Serum lipids are fats and fatty substances in the blood and are crucial for various bodily functions, including energy storage, cellular structure, and hormone production. Serum lipids consist of cholesterol, triglycerides, and phospholipids.
Cholesterol is a soft, fat-like substance found in all body cells. It is crucial for producing hormones, vitamin D, and substances that aid...
01:29Cholesterol: Significance and Regulation
Considering cholesterol and...
01:20Pathophysiology of Diabetes
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility,...