A Review of the Impact of Graphene Oxide on Cement Composites

Graphene oxide (GO) has attracted significant attention as a nano-reinforcement for cement-based materials, owing to its exceptional mechanical properties and abundant surface functional groups. However, the precise mechanisms governing its effects in cement composites remain inadequately understood due to inconsistencies and gaps in the existing literature. This review conducts a comprehensive analysis of the dispersion and reinforcement effects of GO in cement materials, focusing on three key areas: (1) challenges associated with achieving uniform dispersion of GO in the high-pH environment of cement slurries and potential strategies to address them; (2) the influence of GO on the macroscopic properties of cementitious composites, including workability, load-bearing capacity, flexural strength, fracture resistance, and durability; and (3) the reinforcement mechanisms of GO, encompassing its role in hydration kinetics, alterations to the calcium-silicate-hydrate (C-S-H) structure, and bonding interactions at the cement matrix interface. Furthermore, recent advancements in optimizing the dispersion and reinforcement effects of GO, such as surface modification techniques, are explored, emphasizing its potential for multifunctional and intelligent applications. This review aims to provide engineering professionals with the latest insights into the application of graphene oxide as a nano-reinforcement in cement-based composites, while offering valuable guidance and direction for future research in this field.