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Radioactive iodine treatment (RA I) for thyroid cancer and hyperthyroidism does not significantly alter gut microbiota diversity or richness. Unlike radiotherapy, RA I shows minimal impact on the gut microbiome composition.

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Area of Science:

  • Nuclear Medicine
  • Microbiology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Radiotherapy is known to disrupt the gut microbiota.
  • The effects of nuclear medicine treatments, specifically radioactive iodine therapy (RA I), on the gut microbiota are not well understood.
  • RA I is fundamentally different from radiotherapy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of RA I on the gut microbiota.
  • To compare the effects of RA I with those of radiotherapy on the gut microbiome.
  • To analyze changes in gut microbiota richness, diversity, and composition after RA I treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective study involving 64 patients undergoing RA I for thyroid cancer or hyperthyroidism.
  • Fecal samples collected pre-treatment and 8-10 days post-treatment.
  • Shotgun metagenomics and LEfSe analysis to assess gut microbiota richness, diversity, and composition.

Main Results:

  • Gut microbiome richness and diversity remained unchanged post-RA I.
  • Minimal changes in gut microbiota composition were observed.
  • These changes were particularly limited in patients with hyperthyroidism.

Conclusions:

  • RA I does not appear to cause significant disruptions to the human gut microbiota.
  • This finding contrasts with the known effects of radiotherapy.
  • The study provides a basis for understanding radiopharmaceutical effects on the gut microbiome.