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Vitamins

Vitamins

Vitamins, derived from the Latin word for life, are essential organic substances required in small quantities for optimal growth and overall well-being. Unlike other organic nutrients, vitamins don't act as sources of energy or building materials but rather facilitate these nutrients' utilization by the body. Vitamins are predominantly coenzymes, assisting enzymes in specific chemical actions, like the oxidation of glucose for energy involving B vitamins. Most vitamins are not produced in our...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

Moderate Prenatal Alcohol Exposure and Quantification of Social Behavior in Adult Rats

Moderate Prenatal Alcohol Exposure and Quantification of Social Behavior in Adult Rats

Published on: December 14, 2014

Cobalamin Status Among Patients with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD)-A Preliminary Study.

Magdalena Król-Dykas¹, Katarzyna Dyląg^1,2, Katarzyna Przybyszewska²

¹Department of Pathophysiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-121 Krakow, Poland.

|February 13, 2025

Summary

This study found no vitamin B12 deficiencies in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs). While FASD patients had higher vitamin B12 intake, serum levels and key markers did not significantly differ from controls.

Keywords:

cobalamin fetal alcohol spectrum disorders methyl donor-enriched diet neurodevelopmental disorders prenatal alcohol exposure vitamin B12

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Biochemistry
Pediatrics

Background:

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs) are neurodevelopmental conditions linked to prenatal alcohol exposure.
Elevated serum cobalamin (vitamin B12) has been observed in neurodevelopmental disorders, but its role in FASDs is unclear.
This research investigates cobalamin and related markers in individuals with FASDs.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare serum cobalamin and metabolite levels in patients with FASDs versus healthy controls.
To assess vitamin B12 intake in individuals with FASDs.
To explore the relationship between cobalamin and its markers in the context of FASDs.

Main Methods:

Study included 41 individuals diagnosed with FASDs and 39 healthy controls.
Dietary intake of vitamin B12 was assessed using a 3-day diet history method.
Serum levels of total cobalamin, holotranscobalamin, methylmalonic acid, and CD320 were measured.

Main Results:

Patients with FASDs reported higher daily vitamin B12 intake compared to controls.
No significant differences were found in serum cobalamin, holotranscobalamin, CD320, or methylmalonic acid levels between groups.
Correlations between cobalamin and its metabolites differed between the FASD and control groups.

Conclusions:

The study did not identify vitamin B12 deficiencies in individuals with FASDs.
Further research is needed to clarify the complex role of vitamin B12 in FASD pathogenesis, as both high and low levels may have health implications.