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Related Concept Videos

Minerals01:26

Minerals

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Minerals are essential nutrients that the human body needs in small amounts to work properly. They play a vital role in many bodily functions, such as building strong bones and transmitting nerve impulses. Some minerals are needed for hormone production or to maintain a normal heartbeat. Major minerals include calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, sodium, chlorine, and magnesium, while trace minerals include iron, manganese, copper, iodine, zinc, cobalt, fluoride, and selenium.
 
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Essential Minerals for Bone Health01:31

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The minerals contained in all of the food we consume are essential for our organ systems. However, certain essential minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, and fluoride, largely affect bone health.
Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium is a critical component of bones, especially in the form of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. Since the body cannot make calcium, it must be obtained from the diet. However, calcium cannot be absorbed from the small intestine without...
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The Periodic Table and Organismal Elements01:27

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Elements are the smallest units of matter that cannot be broken down further by chemical processes. There are 118 known elements, but not all of these are naturally occurring, and only a few of them are essential for life. Living matter is composed primarily of carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, and oxygen, with smaller amounts of other elements like calcium, phosphorus, potassium, and sulfur. Other elements are also necessary for life but only in trace amounts.
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Vitamins01:30

Vitamins

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Vitamins, derived from the Latin word for life, are essential organic substances required in small quantities for optimal growth and overall well-being. Unlike other organic nutrients, vitamins don't act as sources of energy or building materials but rather facilitate these nutrients' utilization by the body. Vitamins are predominantly coenzymes, assisting enzymes in specific chemical actions, like the oxidation of glucose for energy involving B vitamins. Most vitamins are not produced...
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Introduction to Electrolytes01:33

Introduction to Electrolytes

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In humans, electrolytes play a vital role in various physiological processes. Balancing electrolyte levels is essential for normal body functions; their imbalance can be life-threatening. The major electrolytes include sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, phosphate, and bicarbonate. They are primarily involved in physiological processes, such as nerve signal transmission, membrane trafficking, muscle contraction, buffering body fluids, and balancing water levels in the body.
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Toxic Reactions: Overview01:26

Toxic Reactions: Overview

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When toxic substances penetrate the human body, they disseminate to various tissues, undergoing metabolic changes. This process yields reactive metabolites that may covalently bind with specific target molecules, resulting in toxicity.
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Minerals and Human Health: From Deficiency to Toxicity.

Mohammed S Razzaque1, Sunil J Wimalawansa2

  • 1Department of Medical Education, University of Texas, Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78520, USA.

Nutrients
|February 13, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Essential minerals like calcium, magnesium, and phosphate are vital for health. Maintaining balanced mineral intake prevents deficiencies and toxicities, crucial for overall well-being and preventing diseases.

Keywords:
biological functionscalciummagnesiummicronutrientsnutrientsphysiologypublic health

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Area of Science:

  • Human Health and Nutrition
  • Mineral Metabolism
  • Physiological Regulation

Background:

  • Minerals are essential nutrients critical for numerous physiological functions, including bone development, enzyme activity, nerve signaling, and immune response.
  • Both mineral deficiencies and toxicities pose significant health risks, impacting various bodily systems.
  • Adequate mineral balance is fundamental for preventing a range of health disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the health consequences of mineral deficiencies.
  • To outline the adverse events associated with excessive mineral intake.
  • To highlight the importance of maintaining optimal mineral levels for overall health.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on the roles of essential minerals.
  • Analysis of health implications related to deficiencies and toxicities of key macrominerals (calcium, magnesium, phosphate).
  • Summary of consequences for deficiencies and overconsumption of selected minerals.

Main Results:

  • Mineral deficiencies, such as calcium, magnesium, and phosphate, can lead to osteoporosis, cardiovascular issues, and neuromuscular dysfunction.
  • Trace mineral deficiencies (e.g., iron, zinc, selenium) impair oxygen transport, immune function, and antioxidant defenses, contributing to anemia and delayed healing.
  • Excessive mineral intake can cause hypercalcemia (kidney stones, cardiac arrhythmias) and iron overload (oxidative stress, organ damage).

Conclusions:

  • Maintaining adequate mineral levels through diet and supplementation is essential for preventing deficiency-related disorders and toxicity.
  • Public health initiatives and education on dietary mineral sources are critical for population well-being.
  • Focus on calcium, magnesium, and phosphate highlights their critical roles and the risks associated with their imbalance.