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Pyroptosis: A Novel Therapeutic Target for Bioactive Compounds in Human Disease Treatment? A Narrative Review
Bei Yang1,2, Zexiu Qi1,2, Yasmany Armas Diaz1,2
1Joint Laboratory on Food Science, Nutrition, and Intelligent Processing of Foods, Polytechnic University of Marche, Italy, Universidad Europea del Atlántico Spain and Jiangsu University, China at Polytechnic University of Marche, 60130 Ancona, Italy.
Abstract:
Background/Objectives: Bioactive compounds possess the ability to maintain health and improve diseases by regulating inflammation and cell death processes. Pyroptosis is programmed cell death related to inflammation and exerts a critical role in the development and progression of different types of diseases. This narrative review aims to investigate and discuss the effects of dietary bioactive compounds on pyroptosis in different common human pathologies, such as inflammatory disease, bacterial infection, injury disease, cancer, diabetes and heart disease, etc. Method: Studies published in the major databases until December 2024 in English were considered, for a total of 50 papers. Results: The current evidence demonstrated that the bioactive compounds are able to regulate the pyroptosis process by modulating different inflammasome sensors (NLRP1, NLRP3, and AIM2), caspase family proteins (caspase-1, caspase-3, and caspase-11), and gasdermins (GSDMD and GSDME) in many pathological conditions related to inflammation, including cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Conclusions: Bioactive compounds have powerful potential to be the candidate drug for pyroptosis modulation in inflammatory diseases, even if more clinical studies are needed to confirm the effects and establish efficient doses for humans.
Insights
Dietary bioactive compounds can regulate pyroptosis, a key inflammatory cell death process. This review explores their potential in managing diseases like cancer and heart disease, highlighting the need for further clinical research.
Area of Science:
- Nutritional Science
- Molecular Biology
- Pathology
Background:
- Bioactive compounds influence health by modulating inflammation and cell death.
- Pyroptosis, an inflammatory programmed cell death, is implicated in various human pathologies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the effects of dietary bioactive compounds on pyroptosis.
- To explore their role in common human diseases including cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular conditions.
Main Methods:
- A narrative review of 50 English-language studies.
- Searched major scientific databases up to December 2024.
Main Results:
- Bioactive compounds modulate pyroptosis by targeting inflammasome sensors (NLRP1, NLRP3, AIM2), caspases (caspase-1, -3, -11), and gasdermins (GSDMD, GSDME).
- These effects are observed in inflammatory conditions like cancer and cardiovascular diseases.
Conclusions:
- Dietary bioactive compounds show promise for pyroptosis modulation in inflammatory diseases.
- Further clinical studies are required to confirm efficacy and determine optimal human dosages.
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