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Potential Impact Protection of Polymer Matrix Composite Panels Using Polyurea Coatings.

Jide Williams¹, Joseph Hoffman², Paul Predecki²

¹Walter Scott, Jr. College of Engineering, Scott, Bioengineering Building, Colorado State University, 700 Meridian Ave., Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.

|February 13, 2025

Summary

Polyurea (PU) coatings significantly enhance polymer matrix composite (PMC) panel protection against high-velocity ballistic impacts. These coatings offer superior defense compared to increased panel thickness, reducing cost, mass, and thickness for applications like large power transformer tanks.

Keywords:

ballistic impact numerical simulations polymer matrix composite plates polyurea

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Mechanical Engineering
Ballistics

Background:

Polymer matrix composites (PMCs) are increasingly used in structural applications.
The ballistic performance of PMCs, especially for large power transformer (LPT) tanks, requires further investigation.
Polyurea (PU) coatings offer potential protective benefits but their efficacy against high-velocity impacts on PMCs is not well-documented.

Purpose of the Study:

To numerically investigate the ballistic performance of PMC panels with polyurea (PU) coatings.
To evaluate the protective effect of PU coatings against high-velocity projectile impacts.
To assess PU coatings as a potential enhancement for PMC applications, such as LPT tanks.

Main Methods:

Finite element modeling (FEM) was employed to simulate ballistic impacts.
Glass fiber/epoxy and carbon fiber/epoxy composite panels were analyzed, both individually and in hybrid configurations.
Simulated impacts involved 400 m/s steel projectiles.

Main Results:

PU coatings were found to be three times more effective in preventing projectile penetration than increasing panel thickness alone.
Impact damage evolution and arrest depth in uncoated panels were analyzed as a function of thickness.
PU coatings reduced the required cost, mass, and thickness of panels while maintaining protective integrity.

Conclusions:

Polyurea (PU) coatings offer a significant protective advantage for polymer matrix composite (PMC) panels under ballistic impact.
The use of PU coatings presents a viable strategy for enhancing the ballistic resistance of PMCs, potentially replacing thicker or heavier materials.
This research supports the consideration of PU-coated PMCs for applications demanding high impact resistance, such as large power transformer (LPT) tanks.