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Deciphering the Association: Critical HDL-C Levels and Their Impact on the Glycation Gap in People Living with HIV

Elsa J Anaya-Ambriz1, Monserrat Alvarez-Zavala2,3, Luz A González-Hernández2,3

  • 1Programa de Doctorado en Microbiología Médica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|February 13, 2025
PubMed

Insights

The Glycation Gap (G-gap) helps evaluate metabolic health in people living with HIV (PLWHIV). It correlates with lipid levels, aiding in the early detection of type 2 diabetes complications.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Diseases
  • HIV Medicine

Background:

  • People living with HIV (PLWHIV) have a higher risk of non-communicable diseases, including type 2 diabetes (T2D).
  • Optimizing glycemic control and assessing metabolic markers are crucial for PLWHIV.
  • HbA1c is standard for glycemic control, while fructosamine (FA) assesses non-glycemic factors; discrepancies between them are common.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the utility of the Glycation Gap (G-gap) in assessing metabolic status in PLWHIV.
  • To explore the relationship between G-gap and various metabolic markers.
  • To determine if G-gap can serve as a preventive tool for T2D complications in PLWHIV.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional analytical study involving PLWHIV, T2D patients, and controls.
  • Collection of sociodemographic data and blood samples for biochemical profiles and FA.
  • Calculation of predicted HbA1c (pHbA1c) from FA and determination of G-gap using linear regression.

Main Results:

  • A positive correlation was observed between G-gap and VLDL-C and triglyceride (TG) levels.
  • A negative correlation was found between HDL-C levels (< 40 mg/dL) and a positive G-gap.
  • These findings highlight the association of G-gap with specific lipid profiles.

Conclusions:

  • The G-gap may be a valuable tool for metabolic evaluation in PLWHIV.
  • G-gap can potentially aid in identifying individuals at risk for T2D-related chronic complications.
  • Further research can explore G-gap's role in preventive strategies for metabolic health in PLWHIV.

Keywords:
G-gapHIVHbA1cT2Ddyslipidemiafructosamine

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