Polychlorinated Biphenyls Induce Cytotoxicity and Inflammation in an In Vitro Model of an Ocular Barrier

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are heterogeneous, synthetic, and widespread organochlorine compounds, and are one of the persistent organic pollutants present in improperly dumped waste and electronic equipment (e-waste), with a high bioaccumulation potential. In this study, the toxicity of Aroclor 1254 (a mixture of commercial PCBs) in human corneal epithelial cells (HCEpiCs), in an in vitro model of an ocular barrier, was evaluated. Aroclor 1254 (0.1-10 μg/mL) reduced cell viability, trans-endothelial electric resistance (TEER) and cell migration. Moreover, it induced an inflammatory response, as indicated by the increase in cPLA₂ activity, PGE2 production, phosphorylation of ERK 1/2 and p-38, and release of inflammatory cytokines. Aroclor 1254 can damage corneal cells, compromising the integrity of the eye's outermost barrier. This damage may facilitate the occurrence of infectious processes that are physiologically prevented by the corneal barrier.