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Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms Modulated by Genistein in Cancer
Valeria Naponelli1, Annamaria Piscazzi2, Domenica Mangieri2
1Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Plesso Biotecnologico Integrato, Via Volturno 39, 43126 Parma, Italy.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|February 13, 2025
Summary
Genistein, a natural flavonoid, shows significant anticancer properties by inhibiting tumor growth and spread. It targets key cellular mechanisms and signaling pathways, offering potential for cancer prevention and treatment.
Area of Science:
- Phytochemistry
- Molecular Biology
- Cancer Research
Background:
- Genistein is a phytoestrogen and flavonoid with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
- These properties suggest potential applications in cancer prevention and treatment.
- Genistein modulates crucial cellular mechanisms involved in cancer progression.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the anticancer effects of genistein.
- To detail the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying genistein's anti-cancer activity.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of genistein's role in cancer.
- Analysis of genistein's impact on angiogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and cancer stem cells.
- Examination of genistein's effects on signaling pathways (JAK/STAT, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, MAPK/ERK, NF-κB, Wnt/β-catenin).
Main Results:
- Genistein suppresses tumor growth and dissemination.
- It inhibits angiogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and regulates cancer stem cell proliferation.
- Genistein modulates cell cycle regulators (cyclin/CDK complexes) and apoptosis pathways (Bcl-2/Bax, caspases).
Conclusions:
- Genistein exhibits pleiotropic anticancer effects through various molecular mechanisms.
- It holds promise as a therapeutic agent for cancer treatment.
- Further research into genistein's mechanisms can optimize its clinical application.
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