Perspectives of Genome Editing Mediated Haploid Inducer Systems in Legumes

Genome editing-mediated haploid inducer systems (HISs) present a promising strategy for enhancing breeding efficiency in legume crops, which are vital for sustainable agriculture due to their nutritional benefits and ability to fix nitrogen. Traditional legume breeding is often slow and complicated by the complexity of legumes' genomes and the challenges associated with tissue culture. Recent advancements have broadened the applicability of HISs in legume crops, facilitating a reduction in the duration of the breeding cycle. By integrating genome editing technology with haploid breeding systems, researchers can achieve precise genetic modifications and rapidly produce homozygous lines, thereby significantly accelerating the development of desired traits. This review explores the current status and future prospects of genome editing-mediated HISs in legumes, emphasizing the mechanisms of haploid induction; recent breakthroughs; and existing technical challenges. Furthermore, we highlight the necessity for additional research to optimize these systems across various legume species, which has the potential to greatly enhance breeding efficiency and contribute to the sustainability of legume production.