Appendiceal Intussusception: A Rare Diagnosis and the Role of Imaging in Its Detection

Appendiceal intussusception is a rare condition characterized by the invagination of the appendix into the base of the cecum. In some cases, this condition can lead to obstruction, ischemia, and perforation. It is more common in elderly patients, particularly women, and is often associated with the presence of a lesion, benign or malignant, acting as a "lead point." This case report details the emergency management of a 54-year-old female patient with severe abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. The physical examination was unremarkable, as were the laboratory tests. However, ultrasound revealed a small amount of fluid in the pelvis, leading to further investigation with a CT scan which showed appendiceal intussusception with significant wall edema, fluid in the surrounding fatty tissue, and reactive lymph nodes. The patient then underwent an operation that confirmed an intussuscepted appendix showing signs of ischemia. Histopathology showed the presence of an endometrioma acting as the "lead point". This case report showcases the crucial role of diagnostic imaging, which is superior to clinical examination and laboratory tests when diagnosing these patients. Diagnostic imaging, coupled with careful differential diagnosis, is vital to distinguishing benign conditions from malignancy and ensuring timely and appropriate intervention. Early diagnosis and surgical intervention are essential to prevent life-threatening complications such as gangrene and perforation and exclude malignancy in adult patients.