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Effects of vasodilators on canine cardiopulmonary function when a decrease in cardiac output complicates an increase

M Ghignone, L Girling, R M Prewitt

    The American Review of Respiratory Disease
    |April 1, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Nitroprusside worsened cardiac function in canine pulmonary edema with increased vascular resistance, while hydralazine improved it by reducing resistance and increasing cardiac output.

    Area of Science:

    • Cardiopulmonary Physiology
    • Pharmacology
    • Veterinary Medicine

    Background:

    • Canine oleic acid-induced pulmonary edema serves as a model for acute lung injury.
    • Understanding the effects of vasodilators on cardiopulmonary function in this model is crucial for potential therapeutic interventions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the acute cardiopulmonary effects of nitroprusside (NP) before and after increasing pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR).
    • To compare the effects of NP and hydralazine in a setting of increased PVR and reduced cardiac output (CO).

    Main Methods:

    • Induction of pulmonary edema using oleic acid in canines.
    • Measurement of pulmonary shunt (Qs/Qt), PVR, CO, systemic vascular resistance (SVR), and blood pressure (BP).
    • Administration of NP before and after embolization-induced increase in PVR, and administration of hydralazine.

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    Main Results:

    • Oleic acid increased Qs/Qt but did not alter PVR; it decreased CO and increased SVR.
    • NP, when PVR was normal, reduced BP and SVR, and increased CO and Qs/Qt.
    • When PVR was increased, NP administration led to a fall in CO, whereas hydralazine decreased SVR and PVR, significantly increasing CO and arterial O2 tension.

    Conclusions:

    • Nitroprusside may have detrimental effects on cardiac output in the presence of elevated pulmonary vascular resistance.
    • Hydralazine demonstrates a beneficial effect by improving cardiopulmonary function, reducing both systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance, and enhancing oxygenation in this model.