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Updated: May 28, 2025

Processing of Bulk Nanocrystalline Metals at the US Army Research Laboratory

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Published on: March 7, 2018

Microstructure Evolution of Rapid Solidified Invar Alloy.

Hanxin He¹, Zhirui Yao², Junfeng Xu^2,3

¹School of Civil Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No. 13 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710055, China.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)

|February 13, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Rapid solidification of Invar alloy reveals microstructure changes with increasing undercooling. Grain size and orientation shift, with twin boundaries forming at higher undercooling levels.

Keywords:

EBSD Invar alloy grain boundary undercooling

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Metallurgy
Solidification Science

Background:

Invar alloy is crucial for aerospace and precision instruments.
Understanding its rapid solidification microstructure is essential for optimizing applications.
Current knowledge gaps exist regarding microstructure evolution under varying undercooling.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the rapid solidification microstructure of Invar alloy.
To analyze the effects of undercooling (5 K to 231 K) on microstructure evolution.
To elucidate the relationship between undercooling, grain characteristics, and boundary formation.

Main Methods:

Optical microscopy for macroscopic structural observation.
Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) for crystallographic orientation and grain analysis.
Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) for detailed microstructural and boundary investigation.

Main Results:

Microstructure transitioned from dendrites to columnar and then equiaxed grains with increasing undercooling (5 K to 181 K).
An anomalous grain size increase occurred between 181 K and 193 K undercooling.
High undercooling (ΔT > 181 K) resulted in bimodal grain sizes and loss of preferred growth orientation.
Twin boundaries and high-angle grain boundaries increased with undercooling, confirmed by TEM.

Conclusions:

Undercooling significantly dictates Invar alloy's rapid solidification microstructure.
Grain morphology, size, orientation, and boundary characteristics are sensitive to undercooling levels.
The formation of twin boundaries at high undercooling is a key microstructural feature impacting alloy properties.