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Theobroma mariae: Bioactive Compound-Rich Flowers.

Laila Y S Silva1, Débora N Cavalcante1, Edinilze S C Oliveira1

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Theobroma mariae flowers are a rich source of phenolic compounds like hyperoside and kaempferol. Their extracts show potential for functional foods by inhibiting cell proliferation with low cytotoxicity.

Keywords:
LC-HRMSMalvaceaeNMRantiproliferativecitotoxicityfood plantphenolics compounds

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Area of Science:

  • Food Science
  • Phytochemistry
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Edible flowers are increasingly recognized for their nutritional and functional benefits.
  • Theobroma mariae flowers represent an underexplored source of bioactive compounds.
  • Understanding their chemical profile and biological activity is crucial for potential applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify bioactive compounds in Theobroma mariae flowers.
  • To evaluate the cytotoxicity and antiproliferative effects of the flower's phenolic fraction.

Main Methods:

  • Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy (1D and 2D) for compound identification.
  • Liquid Chromatography coupled with High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (LC-HRMS) for chemical profiling.
  • Antiproliferative assays to determine cytotoxicity and growth inhibition (GI50).

Main Results:

  • Identification of key phenolic compounds including hyperoside, guaijaverin, astragalin, juglalin, and kaempferol.
  • The phenolic fraction demonstrated significant inhibition of cell proliferation (GI50).
  • Low cytotoxicity was observed in both cancerous and normal cell lines.

Conclusions:

  • Theobroma mariae flowers are a valuable source of diverse phenolic compounds.
  • The identified phenolic fraction exhibits promising antiproliferative activity and low toxicity.
  • These findings support the potential use of T. mariae flowers in functional food development.