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A PUF-Based Secure Authentication and Key Agreement Scheme for the Internet of Drones
Jihye Choi1, Seunghwan Son1, Deokkyu Kwon1
1School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|February 13, 2025
Summary
This study introduces a secure authentication and key agreement scheme for the Internet of Drones (IoD). The new method enhances security against various attacks, improving drone communication safety.
Area of Science:
- Cybersecurity
- Robotics
- Network Engineering
Background:
- The Internet of Drones (IoD) offers significant benefits but faces security vulnerabilities due to public communication channels and physical drone susceptibility.
- Existing authentication and key agreement (AKA) schemes, like Sharma et al.'s 2023 PUF-based proposal, have been found to be insufficient, failing to prevent impersonation, stolen verifier, and ephemeral secret leakage (ESL) attacks, while also compromising user anonymity.
Purpose of the Study:
- To propose a novel, secure, and lightweight authentication and key agreement (AKA) scheme specifically designed for the Internet of Drones (IoD).
- To address and rectify the identified security shortcomings of previous PUF-based AKA schemes in the IoD context, including resistance to impersonation, ESL, and physical attacks.
- To ensure user untraceability and anonymity within the IoD environment.
Main Methods:
- Development of a new PUF-based AKA scheme leveraging lightweight cryptographic operations (hash function, XOR) suitable for drone computational constraints.
- Rigorous security verification using formal methods including Burrows-Abadi-Needham (BAN) logic, the Real-or-Random (ROR) model, and the Automated Validation of Internet Security Protocols and Application (AVISPA) tool.
- Informal security analysis and comparative performance evaluation against existing related works, focusing on security properties, computational overhead, communication cost, and energy consumption.
Main Results:
- The proposed scheme demonstrates robust resistance against a wide range of security threats, including physical capture attacks on drones.
- Formal and informal analyses confirm the scheme's security efficacy and its ability to preserve user anonymity and untraceability.
- Performance evaluation indicates that the proposed scheme is computationally efficient and has lower communication and energy costs compared to existing solutions.
Conclusions:
- The developed AKA scheme effectively enhances the security and privacy of the Internet of Drones (IoD).
- Its lightweight nature and resistance to various attacks make it a suitable and efficient solution for the resource-constrained IoD environment.
- This work contributes to the secure deployment and operation of diverse drone applications within the IoD ecosystem.
