Emulsifiers for the plant-based milk alternatives: a review

Plant-based milk alternatives (PBMAs) have recently been receiving attention due to allergies, lactose intolerance, and environmental issues. PBMAs are manufactured by various sources from plants, but the emulsion stability of PBMAs is not good due to the different characteristics of the raw materials and manufacturing methods. To improve the stability of PBMAs, many researches were conducted by using various emulsifiers and different treatments. To help the development of new PBMAs with good stability for long shelf-life, the emulsifiers used in previous researches for PBMAs and their characteristics were reviewed.