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Related Concept Videos

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

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The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
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Olfaction01:25

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The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
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Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
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Updated: May 28, 2025

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Bionic Olfactory Neuron with In-Sensor Reservoir Computing for Intelligent Gas Recognition.

Xiaosong Wu1,2,3, Shuhui Shi4, Jingyan Jiang5

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P. R. China.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|February 13, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a novel electronic nose using organic field-effect transistors and AI for superior gas recognition. It achieves high accuracy in identifying complex mixtures, isomers, and homologs, advancing bionic olfactory technology.

Keywords:
bionic olfactory neuronintelligent gas recognitionin‐sensor reservoir computingisomers and homologs discriminationpollutant analysis in underground water

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Sensor Technology

Background:

  • Current electronic noses (e-noses) struggle with complex gas mixtures, isomers, and homologs due to similar chemical properties and sensor response limitations.
  • Extracting unique compound fingerprints and efficient signal processing are key challenges in gas recognition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an advanced gas sensing and recognition system overcoming limitations of traditional e-noses.
  • To integrate organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) with in-sensor reservoir computing (RC) and k-nearest neighbors (KNN) for enhanced performance.

Main Methods:

  • A material-device-algorithm co-design strategy was employed, integrating an OFET array with RC and KNN algorithms.
  • Organic semiconductors were utilized to diversify gas responses, while RC efficiently extracted spatiotemporal features.
  • The system was tested for classification accuracy on various gas libraries.

Main Results:

  • Achieved 100% classification accuracy for eight different gases.
  • Reached 99.04% accuracy for a library of 26 gases, including complex mixtures, isomers, and homologs.
  • Demonstrated superior performance compared to traditional e-noses in distinguishing similar compounds.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed co-design strategy offers a groundbreaking hardware solution for bionic olfactory neurons.
  • The system integrates edge artificial intelligence (AI) functions, surpassing traditional e-nose capabilities.
  • This approach significantly advances gas sensing and recognition for sustainable development applications.