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Electron Transport Chain: Complex III and IV01:43

Electron Transport Chain: Complex III and IV

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During the electron transport chain, electrons from NADH and FADH2 are first transferred to complexes I and II, respectively. These two complexes then transfer the electrons to ubiquinol, which carries them further to complex III. Complex III passes the electrons across the intermembrane space to Cyt c, which carries them further to complex IV. Complex IV donates electrons to oxygen and reduces it to water. As electrons pass through complexes I, III, and IV, the energy released aids the pumping...
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Peroxisomes are specialized organelles present in fungi, plant, and animal cells. It can vary in number, size, morphology, and activity depending on the type of tissue and the nutritional state of the cell. For example, cells with active lipid metabolism, such as adipocytes, neurons, and hepatocytes, have more peroxisomes than other cells in the body. Besides their primary role in breaking down complex organic molecules, peroxisomes can also synthesize specific macromolecules and participate in...
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Peroxisomes and mitochondria are two important oxygen-utilizing organelles in eukaryotic cells. Mitochondria carry out cellular respiration—the process that converts energy from food into ATP. Peroxisomes carry out a variety of functions, primarily breaking down different substances, such as fatty acids.
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The final stage of cellular respiration is oxidative phosphorylation that consists of two steps: the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis. The electron transport chain is a set of proteins found in the inner mitochondrial membrane in eukaryotic cells. Its primary function is to establish a proton gradient that can be used during chemiosmosis to produce ATP and generate electron carriers, such as NAD+ and FAD, that are used in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.
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Updated: May 28, 2025

Electrochemical Detection of Deuterium Kinetic Isotope Effect on Extracellular Electron Transport in Shewanella oneidensis MR-1
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Extracellular Electron Uptake Mediated by H2O2.

Yilian Han1, Chengmei Liao1,2, Xinlei Jiang3

  • 1MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, No. 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, China.

Environmental Science & Technology
|February 13, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Microbial electron transfer generates renewable energy. A new pathway using hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and catalase (katG) accounts for 45% of biocurrent, enhancing bioelectricity production.

Keywords:
Autotrophic bacteriaCatalaseElectrotrophsExtracellular electron uptakeReactive oxygen species

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Simultaneous Measurement of Superoxide/Hydrogen Peroxide and NADH Production by Flavin-containing Mitochondrial Dehydrogenases
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Protein Film Infrared Electrochemistry Demonstrated for Study of H2 Oxidation by a [NiFe] Hydrogenase
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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Electrochemistry
  • Renewable Energy

Background:

  • Microbial electron transfer is a promising renewable energy source.
  • Understanding extracellular electron transfer mechanisms, particularly oxygen reduction, is crucial.
  • Current knowledge of microbial electron uptake from cathodes is incomplete.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanisms of microbial electron uptake from cathodes for oxygen reduction.
  • To identify novel pathways contributing to bioelectrochemical current generation.
  • To investigate the role of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) in microbial respiration.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated microbial extracellular electron transfer using electrochemical techniques.
  • Quantified the contribution of a novel H₂O₂-mediated pathway to biocurrent.
  • Analyzed the role of catalase (katG) in the observed bioelectrochemical process.
  • Manipulated cathode oxygen reduction selectivity to assess its impact on biocurrent.

Main Results:

  • Discovered a significant H₂O₂-mediated extracellular electron uptake pathway.
  • This pathway contributes up to 45% of the total biocurrent.
  • The H₂O₂-based respiration requires electron supply and the catalase katG.
  • Enhancing two-electron oxygen reduction increased biocurrent by 2.4-fold.
  • Autotrophic biosynthesis and energy production pathways were upregulated.

Conclusions:

  • H₂O₂ plays a critical role in microbial bioelectrochemical respiration and electron uptake.
  • The catalase katG is essential for this H₂O₂-dependent process.
  • Optimizing two-electron oxygen reduction is key for improving bioelectricity generation.
  • This study provides insights for designing efficient bioelectricity production systems.